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		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R</id>
		<title>Notes on Analysing Experiments in R</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R"/>
				<updated>2012-04-24T13:58:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: /* Good conversation snippets from the threads */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''NOTE:''' ''I wrote this in 2010 and touched it up recently in 2012.  I can use bootstrapping now, but I still prefer to use the very simple &amp;quot;anova(mymodel, mymodelminusoneparameter).&amp;quot;  There is one especially exciting approach, completely different, still very technical, that I'm not at all facile with, called [[Weblog:Bayesian_data_analysis_in_English|Bayesian analysis]]. ''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've been inferring my knowledge of statistical analysis from the more and less patient attacks that Douglas Bates unleashes on non-statisticians who need p-values in the language R.  Douglas Bates is the author of R's mixed effects package, which lets you do tricky things. It turns out that, for complex enough designs, experimentalists are at the cutting edge of statistics, and a lot isn't known.  Specifically, this article may be relevant to you if you use random effects (e.g. continuous-ish covariates), or nested experimental designs (e.g. involving phrases like &amp;quot;within subject&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;repeated measure&amp;quot;), a mix of ordinal/categorical and continuous variables and other non-vanilla flavors of analysis of variance.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It gets religious because the professionals are only too aware of the meaninglessness of p-value's, which most practitioners function to swear by.  The practitioners want R's mixed-effects to give p-values, and they are bolstered by the fact that SAS gives just those numbers (apparently SAS mixed-effect implementations give p-values).  In the most well-known email, Bates show obvious emotional restraint explaining why it is not sensible to expect p-values generally from mixed effect models.  He also offers model constraints under which a p-value can be a meaningful statistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But there still isn't enough information available for people who aren't already experts.  (The &amp;quot;Documentation&amp;quot; section, below, gives all the information you need if you do already know enough to know the right way to do it).  I'm trying to collect the useful things I've learned into one spot, mostly for my own sake.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversations on the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://yihui.name/en/2010/04/rules-of-thumb-to-meet-r-gurus-in-the-help-list/  The quickest way to summon a God is to anger it (short)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?id=guides:lmer-tests The most referenced (and now reified) discussion of significance testing in mixed models][https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2006-May/094765.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/3334 More on R^2 in mixed models]&lt;br /&gt;
*unf. I couldn't find any of the great empassioned email pleas for p-values in R's mixed models that are &amp;quot;good enough.&amp;quot;  They have an important enough role in the mailing list ecology, and they make a good enough point: &amp;quot;R should be useful to non-experts.  R is open source and can be made by anyone to serve the masses.  'Someone' should add a flag that makes R give SAS-like output (p-values),&amp;quot;  But I'm picking up on something.  It seems that everyone who knows enough about mixed effect models to implement the necessary changes has too much integrity to do so.  After all, this discussion has been going on for years.  You might take that as a warning sign.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Documentation==&lt;br /&gt;
Most of these references are only everything-you-need if you already know what you are doing (two years after writing this I still don't follow everything).  Otherwise you will have to supplement them with Wikipedia and the other things I've found.  They are still worth reading. Osmosis is a general enough phenomenon that it works on even really inscrutable subjects, even when you have no idea what is going on.  You just have to stay awake.  My problem is staying awake. &lt;br /&gt;
*To find anything about &amp;quot;foo&amp;quot; in R, Googling &amp;quot;r foo&amp;quot; won't work, because &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; is just a letter of the alphabet. Try &amp;quot;r foo help&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;r foo cran.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/14.html Useful walk through why mixed models are handy, with examples in R]; also [http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/].&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://worldwideweb.unconventionallylonguniformresourcelocator.com/forever/wikirefs/R_lmer_Dummies_Supplement.pdf A few slides on lmer], a simple thing I made.  More to document my confusion, but might help you with lmer syntax.&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/Implementation.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/bib/Rnewsbib.html#Rnews:Bates:2004 An article by Bates in Rnews]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS3/Exegeses.pdf The Exegesis: A Talmudic document that Bates refers a lot of ppl to]&lt;br /&gt;
*$$$: Jose C. Pinheiro and Douglas M. Bates (2000), “Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus”. Springer, ISBN 0-387-98957-0.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.maths.bath.ac.uk/~jjf23/ELM/ $$$: Faraway's &amp;quot;Extending the Linear Model with R&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eugened/ $$$: Demidenko, &amp;quot;Mixed Models&amp;quot; more general, theoretical treatment.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversation snippets from the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
* There is now an anova() method for lmer() and lmer2() fits performed using method=&amp;quot;ML&amp;quot;.  You can compare different models and get p-values for p-value obsessed journals using this approach. [https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-August/138747.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*This is Bate's answer to people who already know the answer: &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;With lmer fits I recommend checking a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample from the posterior distribtuion of the parameters to determine which are signification (although this is not terribly well documented at the present time).&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot; [http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e2/help/06/10/3565.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*Similarly &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;Try using mcmcsamp() to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameter estimates. You can calculate a p-value from that, if that is  your desire.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot; [http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch/5544126.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*More for people who already know the answer: [http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/736?set_blog_all=yes]&lt;br /&gt;
*Here is what I've been doing (snippet below. limit: only really works with infinite data): &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;My general advice to those who are required to produce a p-value for a particular fixed-effects term in a mixed-effects model is to use a likelihood ratio test.  Fit the model including that term using maximum likelihood (i.e. REML = FALSE), fit it again without the term and compare the results using anova. The likelihood ratio statistic will be compared to a chi-squared distribution to get a p-value and this process is somewhat suspect when the degrees of freedom would be small. However, so many other things could be going wrong when you are fitting complex models to few observations that this may be the least of your worries.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;[http://markmail.org/message/56c4ck4mmjyouqfo]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Code snippets==&lt;br /&gt;
*Keep in mind that I'm just a dilettante.  I've used these, but that doesn't imply that they are appropriate, or correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
### for two lmer fits lmerout.basic and lmerout.null&lt;br /&gt;
### only use this on models that differ by one fixed effect.  the smaller (or closer to null) model should &lt;br /&gt;
###  be the second one.  If your goal is to find significant variables in the system, your procedure is &lt;br /&gt;
###  to start at null model or one with only the controlled variables and incrementally add in &lt;br /&gt;
###  dependent/invented explanatory variables .&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm&amp;lt;- function(lmerout1, lmerout2) { pchisq(as.numeric(2*(logLik(lmerout1)-logLik(lmerout2)), lower=FALSE))}&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm(lmout.basic, lmout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
### alternatively (and probably preferable) (and, still, preferable with only one variable difference at a time)&lt;br /&gt;
anova(lmerout.basic, lmerout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Appendix if the starting point of this discussion is too advanced==&lt;br /&gt;
*''All the way back:''  R is a programming language for statistical analysis.  It is free in both the bird and lunch senses.  It is almost identical to a very expensive program called S.  It is also very good, and in some ways it may have eclipsed S.  &lt;br /&gt;
*''Less far back:''  A t-test is a very simple test, taken on sample from two big lists of numbers, of whether those two lists are not ''really'' different.  Comparing samples gets way more complicated.  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a step on the way, and is the most popular manifestation of The Linear Model.  Besides coursework, the best way that I know to get from knowing nothing to understanding this post is at sportsci.org .  It has the most thorough free resource that I've found for explaining it all to dummies [http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/].  I read the whole thing. (Note: this was in 2010, whatever that implies).&lt;br /&gt;
*In R, aov() works most of the time.  If not, lm() should work.  If not, things get tangled and the learning curve gets worse.  There is glm(), lme(), nlme(), and lmer() (of which glmer(), nlmer() and lmer2() are variants), all used with anova() or glht() or MCMC/bootstrapping techniques involving pvals.func(), merMCMC-class(), mcmcsamp() or your own code.  Relevant libraries (or packages, whatever) are nlme, lme4, languageR, RLRsim, and multcomp.  This page refers mostly to the use of lmer() in the package lme4 linked in the documentation section. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hypothesis testing gets hard after lm().  You can't just type &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;summary(yourlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; like with lm().  You have to either sample simulated data from the statistical model you fit, and infer test statistics from the simulation (bootstrapping) or calculate the log likelihood ratio of your model against a null model.*  You do this by writing your own test, using the one above, or just typing &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;anova(yourlm, yourotherlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;. Any of these could not-work, depending on the complexity of the model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Ideally one that is the same-but-for-one-factor (Opaquely, the distribution of the log of the square of the ratio of two models is approximately chi-square, and I think it errs conservative.  Sameness-but-for-one makes df=1 which is the easiest to interpret in this context).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R</id>
		<title>Notes on Analysing Experiments in R</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R"/>
				<updated>2012-04-24T13:58:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: /* Good conversation snippets from the threads */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''NOTE:''' ''I wrote this in 2010 and touched it up recently in 2012.  I can use bootstrapping now, but I still prefer to use the very simple &amp;quot;anova(mymodel, mymodelminusoneparameter).&amp;quot;  There is one especially exciting approach, completely different, still very technical, that I'm not at all facile with, called [[Weblog:Bayesian_data_analysis_in_English|Bayesian analysis]]. ''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've been inferring my knowledge of statistical analysis from the more and less patient attacks that Douglas Bates unleashes on non-statisticians who need p-values in the language R.  Douglas Bates is the author of R's mixed effects package, which lets you do tricky things. It turns out that, for complex enough designs, experimentalists are at the cutting edge of statistics, and a lot isn't known.  Specifically, this article may be relevant to you if you use random effects (e.g. continuous-ish covariates), or nested experimental designs (e.g. involving phrases like &amp;quot;within subject&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;repeated measure&amp;quot;), a mix of ordinal/categorical and continuous variables and other non-vanilla flavors of analysis of variance.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It gets religious because the professionals are only too aware of the meaninglessness of p-value's, which most practitioners function to swear by.  The practitioners want R's mixed-effects to give p-values, and they are bolstered by the fact that SAS gives just those numbers (apparently SAS mixed-effect implementations give p-values).  In the most well-known email, Bates show obvious emotional restraint explaining why it is not sensible to expect p-values generally from mixed effect models.  He also offers model constraints under which a p-value can be a meaningful statistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But there still isn't enough information available for people who aren't already experts.  (The &amp;quot;Documentation&amp;quot; section, below, gives all the information you need if you do already know enough to know the right way to do it).  I'm trying to collect the useful things I've learned into one spot, mostly for my own sake.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversations on the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://yihui.name/en/2010/04/rules-of-thumb-to-meet-r-gurus-in-the-help-list/  The quickest way to summon a God is to anger it (short)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?id=guides:lmer-tests The most referenced (and now reified) discussion of significance testing in mixed models][https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2006-May/094765.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/3334 More on R^2 in mixed models]&lt;br /&gt;
*unf. I couldn't find any of the great empassioned email pleas for p-values in R's mixed models that are &amp;quot;good enough.&amp;quot;  They have an important enough role in the mailing list ecology, and they make a good enough point: &amp;quot;R should be useful to non-experts.  R is open source and can be made by anyone to serve the masses.  'Someone' should add a flag that makes R give SAS-like output (p-values),&amp;quot;  But I'm picking up on something.  It seems that everyone who knows enough about mixed effect models to implement the necessary changes has too much integrity to do so.  After all, this discussion has been going on for years.  You might take that as a warning sign.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Documentation==&lt;br /&gt;
Most of these references are only everything-you-need if you already know what you are doing (two years after writing this I still don't follow everything).  Otherwise you will have to supplement them with Wikipedia and the other things I've found.  They are still worth reading. Osmosis is a general enough phenomenon that it works on even really inscrutable subjects, even when you have no idea what is going on.  You just have to stay awake.  My problem is staying awake. &lt;br /&gt;
*To find anything about &amp;quot;foo&amp;quot; in R, Googling &amp;quot;r foo&amp;quot; won't work, because &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; is just a letter of the alphabet. Try &amp;quot;r foo help&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;r foo cran.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/14.html Useful walk through why mixed models are handy, with examples in R]; also [http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/].&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://worldwideweb.unconventionallylonguniformresourcelocator.com/forever/wikirefs/R_lmer_Dummies_Supplement.pdf A few slides on lmer], a simple thing I made.  More to document my confusion, but might help you with lmer syntax.&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/Implementation.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/bib/Rnewsbib.html#Rnews:Bates:2004 An article by Bates in Rnews]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS3/Exegeses.pdf The Exegesis: A Talmudic document that Bates refers a lot of ppl to]&lt;br /&gt;
*$$$: Jose C. Pinheiro and Douglas M. Bates (2000), “Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus”. Springer, ISBN 0-387-98957-0.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.maths.bath.ac.uk/~jjf23/ELM/ $$$: Faraway's &amp;quot;Extending the Linear Model with R&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eugened/ $$$: Demidenko, &amp;quot;Mixed Models&amp;quot; more general, theoretical treatment.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversation snippets from the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
* There is now an anova() method for lmer() and lmer2() fits performed using method=&amp;quot;ML&amp;quot;.  You can compare different models and get p-values for p-value obsessed journals using this approach. [https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-August/138747.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*This is Bate's answer to people who already know the answer: &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;With lmer fits I recommend checking a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample from the posterior distribtuion of the parameters to determine which are signification (although this is not terribly well documented at the present time).&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot; [http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e2/help/06/10/3565.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*Similarly &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;Try using mcmcsamp() to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameter estimates. You can calculate a p-value from that, if that is  your desire.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot; [http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch/5544126.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*More for people who already know the answer: [http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/736?set_blog_all=yes]&lt;br /&gt;
*Here is what I've been doing (snippet below. limit: only really works with infinite data): &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;My general advice to those who are required to produce a p-value for a particular fixed-effects term in a mixed-effects model is to use a likelihood ratio test.  Fit the model including that term using maximum likelihood (i.e. REML = FALSE), fit it again without the term and compare the results using anova. The likelihood ratio statistic will be compared to a chi-squared distribution to get a p-value and this process is somewhat suspect when the degrees of freedom would be small. However, so many other things could be going wrong when you are fitting complex models to few observations that this may be the least of your worries.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;[http://markmail.org/message/56c4ck4mmjyouqfo]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Code snippets==&lt;br /&gt;
*Keep in mind that I'm just a dilettante.  I've used these, but that doesn't imply that they are appropriate, or correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
### for two lmer fits lmerout.basic and lmerout.null&lt;br /&gt;
### only use this on models that differ by one fixed effect.  the smaller (or closer to null) model should &lt;br /&gt;
###  be the second one.  If your goal is to find significant variables in the system, your procedure is &lt;br /&gt;
###  to start at null model or one with only the controlled variables and incrementally add in &lt;br /&gt;
###  dependent/invented explanatory variables .&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm&amp;lt;- function(lmerout1, lmerout2) { pchisq(as.numeric(2*(logLik(lmerout1)-logLik(lmerout2)), lower=FALSE))}&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm(lmout.basic, lmout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
### alternatively (and probably preferable) (and, still, preferable with only one variable difference at a time)&lt;br /&gt;
anova(lmerout.basic, lmerout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Appendix if the starting point of this discussion is too advanced==&lt;br /&gt;
*''All the way back:''  R is a programming language for statistical analysis.  It is free in both the bird and lunch senses.  It is almost identical to a very expensive program called S.  It is also very good, and in some ways it may have eclipsed S.  &lt;br /&gt;
*''Less far back:''  A t-test is a very simple test, taken on sample from two big lists of numbers, of whether those two lists are not ''really'' different.  Comparing samples gets way more complicated.  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a step on the way, and is the most popular manifestation of The Linear Model.  Besides coursework, the best way that I know to get from knowing nothing to understanding this post is at sportsci.org .  It has the most thorough free resource that I've found for explaining it all to dummies [http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/].  I read the whole thing. (Note: this was in 2010, whatever that implies).&lt;br /&gt;
*In R, aov() works most of the time.  If not, lm() should work.  If not, things get tangled and the learning curve gets worse.  There is glm(), lme(), nlme(), and lmer() (of which glmer(), nlmer() and lmer2() are variants), all used with anova() or glht() or MCMC/bootstrapping techniques involving pvals.func(), merMCMC-class(), mcmcsamp() or your own code.  Relevant libraries (or packages, whatever) are nlme, lme4, languageR, RLRsim, and multcomp.  This page refers mostly to the use of lmer() in the package lme4 linked in the documentation section. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hypothesis testing gets hard after lm().  You can't just type &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;summary(yourlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; like with lm().  You have to either sample simulated data from the statistical model you fit, and infer test statistics from the simulation (bootstrapping) or calculate the log likelihood ratio of your model against a null model.*  You do this by writing your own test, using the one above, or just typing &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;anova(yourlm, yourotherlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;. Any of these could not-work, depending on the complexity of the model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Ideally one that is the same-but-for-one-factor (Opaquely, the distribution of the log of the square of the ratio of two models is approximately chi-square, and I think it errs conservative.  Sameness-but-for-one makes df=1 which is the easiest to interpret in this context).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R</id>
		<title>Notes on Analysing Experiments in R</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R"/>
				<updated>2012-04-24T13:54:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''NOTE:''' ''I wrote this in 2010 and touched it up recently in 2012.  I can use bootstrapping now, but I still prefer to use the very simple &amp;quot;anova(mymodel, mymodelminusoneparameter).&amp;quot;  There is one especially exciting approach, completely different, still very technical, that I'm not at all facile with, called [[Weblog:Bayesian_data_analysis_in_English|Bayesian analysis]]. ''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've been inferring my knowledge of statistical analysis from the more and less patient attacks that Douglas Bates unleashes on non-statisticians who need p-values in the language R.  Douglas Bates is the author of R's mixed effects package, which lets you do tricky things. It turns out that, for complex enough designs, experimentalists are at the cutting edge of statistics, and a lot isn't known.  Specifically, this article may be relevant to you if you use random effects (e.g. continuous-ish covariates), or nested experimental designs (e.g. involving phrases like &amp;quot;within subject&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;repeated measure&amp;quot;), a mix of ordinal/categorical and continuous variables and other non-vanilla flavors of analysis of variance.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It gets religious because the professionals are only too aware of the meaninglessness of p-value's, which most practitioners function to swear by.  The practitioners want R's mixed-effects to give p-values, and they are bolstered by the fact that SAS gives just those numbers (apparently SAS mixed-effect implementations give p-values).  In the most well-known email, Bates show obvious emotional restraint explaining why it is not sensible to expect p-values generally from mixed effect models.  He also offers model constraints under which a p-value can be a meaningful statistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But there still isn't enough information available for people who aren't already experts.  (The &amp;quot;Documentation&amp;quot; section, below, gives all the information you need if you do already know enough to know the right way to do it).  I'm trying to collect the useful things I've learned into one spot, mostly for my own sake.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversations on the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://yihui.name/en/2010/04/rules-of-thumb-to-meet-r-gurus-in-the-help-list/  The quickest way to summon a God is to anger it (short)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?id=guides:lmer-tests The most referenced (and now reified) discussion of significance testing in mixed models][https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2006-May/094765.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/3334 More on R^2 in mixed models]&lt;br /&gt;
*unf. I couldn't find any of the great empassioned email pleas for p-values in R's mixed models that are &amp;quot;good enough.&amp;quot;  They have an important enough role in the mailing list ecology, and they make a good enough point: &amp;quot;R should be useful to non-experts.  R is open source and can be made by anyone to serve the masses.  'Someone' should add a flag that makes R give SAS-like output (p-values),&amp;quot;  But I'm picking up on something.  It seems that everyone who knows enough about mixed effect models to implement the necessary changes has too much integrity to do so.  After all, this discussion has been going on for years.  You might take that as a warning sign.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Documentation==&lt;br /&gt;
Most of these references are only everything-you-need if you already know what you are doing (two years after writing this I still don't follow everything).  Otherwise you will have to supplement them with Wikipedia and the other things I've found.  They are still worth reading. Osmosis is a general enough phenomenon that it works on even really inscrutable subjects, even when you have no idea what is going on.  You just have to stay awake.  My problem is staying awake. &lt;br /&gt;
*To find anything about &amp;quot;foo&amp;quot; in R, Googling &amp;quot;r foo&amp;quot; won't work, because &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; is just a letter of the alphabet. Try &amp;quot;r foo help&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;r foo cran.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/14.html Useful walk through why mixed models are handy, with examples in R]; also [http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/].&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://worldwideweb.unconventionallylonguniformresourcelocator.com/forever/wikirefs/R_lmer_Dummies_Supplement.pdf A few slides on lmer], a simple thing I made.  More to document my confusion, but might help you with lmer syntax.&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/Implementation.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/bib/Rnewsbib.html#Rnews:Bates:2004 An article by Bates in Rnews]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS3/Exegeses.pdf The Exegesis: A Talmudic document that Bates refers a lot of ppl to]&lt;br /&gt;
*$$$: Jose C. Pinheiro and Douglas M. Bates (2000), “Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus”. Springer, ISBN 0-387-98957-0.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.maths.bath.ac.uk/~jjf23/ELM/ $$$: Faraway's &amp;quot;Extending the Linear Model with R&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eugened/ $$$: Demidenko, &amp;quot;Mixed Models&amp;quot; more general, theoretical treatment.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversation snippets from the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
* There is now an anova() method for lmer() and lmer2() fits performed using method=&amp;quot;ML&amp;quot;.  You can compare different models and get p-values for p-value obsessed journals using this approach. [https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-August/138747.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*This is Bate's answer to people who already know the answer: &lt;br /&gt;
 With lmer fits I recommend checking a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample from the posterior distribtuion of the parameters to determine which are signification (although this is not terribly well documented at the present time). [http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e2/help/06/10/3565.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*Similarly &lt;br /&gt;
 Try using mcmcsamp() to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameter estimates. You can calculate a p-value from that, if that is  your desire. [http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch/5544126.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*More for people who already know the answer: [http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/736?set_blog_all=yes]&lt;br /&gt;
*Here is what I've been doing (snippet below. limit: only really works with infinite data): &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;My general advice to those who are required to produce a p-value for a particular fixed-effects term in a mixed-effects model is to use a likelihood ratio test.  Fit the model including that term using maximum likelihood (i.e. REML = FALSE), fit it again without the term and compare the results using anova. The likelihood ratio statistic will be compared to a chi-squared distribution to get a p-value and this process is somewhat suspect when the degrees of freedom would be small. However, so many other things could be going wrong when you are fitting complex models to few observations that this may be the least of your worries.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;[http://markmail.org/message/56c4ck4mmjyouqfo]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Code snippets==&lt;br /&gt;
*Keep in mind that I'm just a dilettante.  I've used these, but that doesn't imply that they are appropriate, or correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
### for two lmer fits lmerout.basic and lmerout.null&lt;br /&gt;
### only use this on models that differ by one fixed effect.  the smaller (or closer to null) model should &lt;br /&gt;
###  be the second one.  If your goal is to find significant variables in the system, your procedure is &lt;br /&gt;
###  to start at null model or one with only the controlled variables and incrementally add in &lt;br /&gt;
###  dependent/invented explanatory variables .&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm&amp;lt;- function(lmerout1, lmerout2) { pchisq(as.numeric(2*(logLik(lmerout1)-logLik(lmerout2)), lower=FALSE))}&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm(lmout.basic, lmout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
### alternatively (and probably preferable) (and, still, preferable with only one variable difference at a time)&lt;br /&gt;
anova(lmerout.basic, lmerout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Appendix if the starting point of this discussion is too advanced==&lt;br /&gt;
*''All the way back:''  R is a programming language for statistical analysis.  It is free in both the bird and lunch senses.  It is almost identical to a very expensive program called S.  It is also very good, and in some ways it may have eclipsed S.  &lt;br /&gt;
*''Less far back:''  A t-test is a very simple test, taken on sample from two big lists of numbers, of whether those two lists are not ''really'' different.  Comparing samples gets way more complicated.  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a step on the way, and is the most popular manifestation of The Linear Model.  Besides coursework, the best way that I know to get from knowing nothing to understanding this post is at sportsci.org .  It has the most thorough free resource that I've found for explaining it all to dummies [http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/].  I read the whole thing. (Note: this was in 2010, whatever that implies).&lt;br /&gt;
*In R, aov() works most of the time.  If not, lm() should work.  If not, things get tangled and the learning curve gets worse.  There is glm(), lme(), nlme(), and lmer() (of which glmer(), nlmer() and lmer2() are variants), all used with anova() or glht() or MCMC/bootstrapping techniques involving pvals.func(), merMCMC-class(), mcmcsamp() or your own code.  Relevant libraries (or packages, whatever) are nlme, lme4, languageR, RLRsim, and multcomp.  This page refers mostly to the use of lmer() in the package lme4 linked in the documentation section. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hypothesis testing gets hard after lm().  You can't just type &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;summary(yourlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; like with lm().  You have to either sample simulated data from the statistical model you fit, and infer test statistics from the simulation (bootstrapping) or calculate the log likelihood ratio of your model against a null model.*  You do this by writing your own test, using the one above, or just typing &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;anova(yourlm, yourotherlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;. Any of these could not-work, depending on the complexity of the model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Ideally one that is the same-but-for-one-factor (Opaquely, the distribution of the log of the square of the ratio of two models is approximately chi-square, and I think it errs conservative.  Sameness-but-for-one makes df=1 which is the easiest to interpret in this context).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R</id>
		<title>Notes on Analysing Experiments in R</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Notes_on_Analysing_Experiments_in_R"/>
				<updated>2012-04-24T13:54:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''NOTE:''' ''I wrote this in 2010 and touched it up recently in 2012.  I can use bootstrapping now, but I still prefer to use the very simple &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;anova(mymodel, mymodelminusoneparameter)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;.  There is one especially exciting approach, completely different, still very technical, that I'm not at all facile with, called [[Weblog:Bayesian_data_analysis_in_English|Bayesian analysis]]. ''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've been inferring my knowledge of statistical analysis from the more and less patient attacks that Douglas Bates unleashes on non-statisticians who need p-values in the language R.  Douglas Bates is the author of R's mixed effects package, which lets you do tricky things. It turns out that, for complex enough designs, experimentalists are at the cutting edge of statistics, and a lot isn't known.  Specifically, this article may be relevant to you if you use random effects (e.g. continuous-ish covariates), or nested experimental designs (e.g. involving phrases like &amp;quot;within subject&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;repeated measure&amp;quot;), a mix of ordinal/categorical and continuous variables and other non-vanilla flavors of analysis of variance.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It gets religious because the professionals are only too aware of the meaninglessness of p-value's, which most practitioners function to swear by.  The practitioners want R's mixed-effects to give p-values, and they are bolstered by the fact that SAS gives just those numbers (apparently SAS mixed-effect implementations give p-values).  In the most well-known email, Bates show obvious emotional restraint explaining why it is not sensible to expect p-values generally from mixed effect models.  He also offers model constraints under which a p-value can be a meaningful statistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But there still isn't enough information available for people who aren't already experts.  (The &amp;quot;Documentation&amp;quot; section, below, gives all the information you need if you do already know enough to know the right way to do it).  I'm trying to collect the useful things I've learned into one spot, mostly for my own sake.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversations on the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://yihui.name/en/2010/04/rules-of-thumb-to-meet-r-gurus-in-the-help-list/  The quickest way to summon a God is to anger it (short)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?id=guides:lmer-tests The most referenced (and now reified) discussion of significance testing in mixed models][https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2006-May/094765.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/3334 More on R^2 in mixed models]&lt;br /&gt;
*unf. I couldn't find any of the great empassioned email pleas for p-values in R's mixed models that are &amp;quot;good enough.&amp;quot;  They have an important enough role in the mailing list ecology, and they make a good enough point: &amp;quot;R should be useful to non-experts.  R is open source and can be made by anyone to serve the masses.  'Someone' should add a flag that makes R give SAS-like output (p-values),&amp;quot;  But I'm picking up on something.  It seems that everyone who knows enough about mixed effect models to implement the necessary changes has too much integrity to do so.  After all, this discussion has been going on for years.  You might take that as a warning sign.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Documentation==&lt;br /&gt;
Most of these references are only everything-you-need if you already know what you are doing (two years after writing this I still don't follow everything).  Otherwise you will have to supplement them with Wikipedia and the other things I've found.  They are still worth reading. Osmosis is a general enough phenomenon that it works on even really inscrutable subjects, even when you have no idea what is going on.  You just have to stay awake.  My problem is staying awake. &lt;br /&gt;
*To find anything about &amp;quot;foo&amp;quot; in R, Googling &amp;quot;r foo&amp;quot; won't work, because &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; is just a letter of the alphabet. Try &amp;quot;r foo help&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;r foo cran.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/14.html Useful walk through why mixed models are handy, with examples in R]; also [http://zoonek2.free.fr/UNIX/48_R/].&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://worldwideweb.unconventionallylonguniformresourcelocator.com/forever/wikirefs/R_lmer_Dummies_Supplement.pdf A few slides on lmer], a simple thing I made.  More to document my confusion, but might help you with lmer syntax.&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/Implementation.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/vignettes/&lt;br /&gt;
*http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/bib/Rnewsbib.html#Rnews:Bates:2004 An article by Bates in Rnews]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS3/Exegeses.pdf The Exegesis: A Talmudic document that Bates refers a lot of ppl to]&lt;br /&gt;
*$$$: Jose C. Pinheiro and Douglas M. Bates (2000), “Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus”. Springer, ISBN 0-387-98957-0.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.maths.bath.ac.uk/~jjf23/ELM/ $$$: Faraway's &amp;quot;Extending the Linear Model with R&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eugened/ $$$: Demidenko, &amp;quot;Mixed Models&amp;quot; more general, theoretical treatment.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Good conversation snippets from the threads==&lt;br /&gt;
* There is now an anova() method for lmer() and lmer2() fits performed using method=&amp;quot;ML&amp;quot;.  You can compare different models and get p-values for p-value obsessed journals using this approach. [https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-August/138747.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*This is Bate's answer to people who already know the answer: &lt;br /&gt;
 With lmer fits I recommend checking a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample from the posterior distribtuion of the parameters to determine which are signification (although this is not terribly well documented at the present time). [http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e2/help/06/10/3565.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*Similarly &lt;br /&gt;
 Try using mcmcsamp() to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameter estimates. You can calculate a p-value from that, if that is  your desire. [http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch/5544126.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*More for people who already know the answer: [http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.r.lme4.devel/736?set_blog_all=yes]&lt;br /&gt;
*Here is what I've been doing (snippet below. limit: only really works with infinite data): &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;My general advice to those who are required to produce a p-value for a particular fixed-effects term in a mixed-effects model is to use a likelihood ratio test.  Fit the model including that term using maximum likelihood (i.e. REML = FALSE), fit it again without the term and compare the results using anova. The likelihood ratio statistic will be compared to a chi-squared distribution to get a p-value and this process is somewhat suspect when the degrees of freedom would be small. However, so many other things could be going wrong when you are fitting complex models to few observations that this may be the least of your worries.&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;[http://markmail.org/message/56c4ck4mmjyouqfo]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Code snippets==&lt;br /&gt;
*Keep in mind that I'm just a dilettante.  I've used these, but that doesn't imply that they are appropriate, or correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
### for two lmer fits lmerout.basic and lmerout.null&lt;br /&gt;
### only use this on models that differ by one fixed effect.  the smaller (or closer to null) model should &lt;br /&gt;
###  be the second one.  If your goal is to find significant variables in the system, your procedure is &lt;br /&gt;
###  to start at null model or one with only the controlled variables and incrementally add in &lt;br /&gt;
###  dependent/invented explanatory variables .&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm&amp;lt;- function(lmerout1, lmerout2) { pchisq(as.numeric(2*(logLik(lmerout1)-logLik(lmerout2)), lower=FALSE))}&lt;br /&gt;
test.lm(lmout.basic, lmout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
### alternatively (and probably preferable) (and, still, preferable with only one variable difference at a time)&lt;br /&gt;
anova(lmerout.basic, lmerout.null)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Appendix if the starting point of this discussion is too advanced==&lt;br /&gt;
*''All the way back:''  R is a programming language for statistical analysis.  It is free in both the bird and lunch senses.  It is almost identical to a very expensive program called S.  It is also very good, and in some ways it may have eclipsed S.  &lt;br /&gt;
*''Less far back:''  A t-test is a very simple test, taken on sample from two big lists of numbers, of whether those two lists are not ''really'' different.  Comparing samples gets way more complicated.  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a step on the way, and is the most popular manifestation of The Linear Model.  Besides coursework, the best way that I know to get from knowing nothing to understanding this post is at sportsci.org .  It has the most thorough free resource that I've found for explaining it all to dummies [http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/].  I read the whole thing. (Note: this was in 2010, whatever that implies).&lt;br /&gt;
*In R, aov() works most of the time.  If not, lm() should work.  If not, things get tangled and the learning curve gets worse.  There is glm(), lme(), nlme(), and lmer() (of which glmer(), nlmer() and lmer2() are variants), all used with anova() or glht() or MCMC/bootstrapping techniques involving pvals.func(), merMCMC-class(), mcmcsamp() or your own code.  Relevant libraries (or packages, whatever) are nlme, lme4, languageR, RLRsim, and multcomp.  This page refers mostly to the use of lmer() in the package lme4 linked in the documentation section. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hypothesis testing gets hard after lm().  You can't just type &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;summary(yourlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; like with lm().  You have to either sample simulated data from the statistical model you fit, and infer test statistics from the simulation (bootstrapping) or calculate the log likelihood ratio of your model against a null model.*  You do this by writing your own test, using the one above, or just typing &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;anova(yourlm, yourotherlm)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;. Any of these could not-work, depending on the complexity of the model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Ideally one that is the same-but-for-one-factor (Opaquely, the distribution of the log of the square of the ratio of two models is approximately chi-square, and I think it errs conservative.  Sameness-but-for-one makes df=1 which is the easiest to interpret in this context).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Enfascination_moves,_update_your_RSS_subscription</id>
		<title>Weblog:Enfascination moves, update your RSS subscription</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Enfascination_moves,_update_your_RSS_subscription"/>
				<updated>2012-03-21T01:46:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'The blog has moved off of mediawiki.  To keep getting updates, you can subscribe to http://enfascination.com/weblog/?feed=rss2'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The blog has moved off of mediawiki.  To keep getting updates, you can subscribe to http://enfascination.com/weblog/?feed=rss2&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Kombucha,_kvass,_and_kocha_kinoko,_also_tuba,_and_shrub</id>
		<title>Weblog:Kombucha, kvass, and kocha kinoko, also tuba, and shrub</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Kombucha,_kvass,_and_kocha_kinoko,_also_tuba,_and_shrub"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:16:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Impress your crafty kombucha swilling friends with these handy factoids and make yourself intolerable!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Kombucha isn't from Japan (its from Russia)&lt;br /&gt;
#and it isn't called kombucha (its kvass)&lt;br /&gt;
#If you ask for kombucha in Japan, you'll get what you asked for: a tea (cha) made from dried seaweed (kombu or konbu) instead of dried tea leaves.&lt;br /&gt;
#but if you describe it, and you happen to talk to an old person instead of someone born in the past fifty years, they might have vague memories of something called kocha kinoko that you can't really find anywhere at all (at least not in Sapporo).  &lt;br /&gt;
#This is all from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombucha#History)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Japanese people are really surprised by the idea of Americans drinking rotten tea, calling it Japanese, and giving it a name that doesn't fit.  I was really surprised about all this because I love kombucha and was really eager to drink some in Japan.  That isn't going to happen.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here are some less snotty factoids on the subject---constructive rather than destructive:&lt;br /&gt;
#If you are anywhere with coconut palms, try asking around for tuba, or tubah, or too-ba.  If you are lucky you'll get the most amazing rotten coconut milk, a.k.a. palm wine.   At its best its sweet, vinegary, alcoholic, carbonated, and straight out of the tree.  I think its coconut sap, or coconut flower nectar, rather than coconut milk.  Not sure, but its amazing.  I've had it in Mexico and the Philippines under the same name.  In Mexico it is mild, yeasty, and served with peanuts sprinkled on top.  In the Philippines it is much more intense and wonderful.  If you don't refrigerate it, its all vinegar by evening.  Or, as they say out there, beenegar.&lt;br /&gt;
#Whereever you find it, its going to be a very local drink, and people might be surprised that you are interested in it.  That can make it harder to find.&lt;br /&gt;
#In the Phillipines its actually distilled into a different drink called lumbanog.&lt;br /&gt;
#Again Wikipedia, with lots more to say: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_wine&lt;br /&gt;
#Its also worth mentioning shrub, an old Americana summer-time mix of vinegar, fruit juice, and soda water.  Its not alive, but don't let that be a dealbreaker.  &lt;br /&gt;
#Wikipedia doesn't have anything to add about shrub, but Google does.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Kombucha,_kvass,_and_kocha_kinoko,_also_tuba,_and_shrub</id>
		<title>Weblog:Kombucha, kvass, and kocha kinoko, also tuba, and shrub</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Kombucha,_kvass,_and_kocha_kinoko,_also_tuba,_and_shrub"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:14:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Impress your crafty kombucha swilling friends with these handy factoids and make yourself intolerable!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Kombucha isn't from Japan (its from Russia)&lt;br /&gt;
#and it isn't called kombucha (its kvass)&lt;br /&gt;
#If you ask for kombucha in Japan, you'll get what you asked for: a tea (cha) made from dried seaweed (kombu or konbu) instead of dried tea leaves.&lt;br /&gt;
#but if you describe it, and you happen to talk to an old person instead of someone born in the past fifty years, they might have vague memories of something called kocha kinoko that you can't really find anywhere at all (at least not in Sapporo).  &lt;br /&gt;
#This is all from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombucha#History)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Japanese people are really surprised by the idea of Americans drinking rotten tea, calling it Japanese, and giving it a name that doesn't fit.  I was really surprised about all this because I love kombucha and was really eager to drink some in Japan.  That isn't going to happen.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here are some less snotty factoids on the subject---constructive rather than destructive:&lt;br /&gt;
#If you are anywhere with coconut palms, try asking around for tuba, or tubah, or too-ba.  If you are lucky you'll get the most amazing rotten coconut milk, a.k.a. palm wine.   At its best its sweet, vinegary, alcoholic, carbonated, and straight out of the tree.  I think its coconut sap, or coconut flower nectar, rather than coconut milk.  Not sure, but its amazing.  I've had it in Mexico and the Philippines under the same name.  In Mexico it is mild, yeasty, and served with peanuts sprinkled on top.  In the Philippines it is much more intense and wonderful.  If you don't refrigerate it, its all vinegar by evening.  Or, as they say out there, beenegar.&lt;br /&gt;
#Whereever you find it, its going to be a very local drink, and people might be surprised that you are interested in it.  That can make it harder to find.&lt;br /&gt;
#In the Phillipines its actually distilled into a different drink called lumbanog.&lt;br /&gt;
#Again Wikipedia, with lots more to say: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_wine&lt;br /&gt;
#Its also worth mentioning shrub, an old Americana summer-time mix of vinegar, fruit juice, and soda water.  Its not alive, but don't let that be a dealbreaker.  &lt;br /&gt;
#Wikipedia doesn't have anything to add, but Google does.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:12:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[ScienceWeblog:Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior|Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:VNC and grey screen terminal|VNC and grey screen terminal]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Bayesian data analysis on a Mac|Bayesian data analysis on a Mac]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Papers vs Mendeley|Papers vs Mendeley]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Are pigeons lazy bosses?|Are pigeons lazy bosses?]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Baby's First Applescript|Baby's First Applescript]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:10:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[ScienceWeblog:Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior|Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:VNC and grey screen terminal|VNC and grey screen terminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Bayesian data analysis on a Mac|Bayesian data analysis on a Mac]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Papers vs Mendeley|Papers vs Mendeley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Are pigeons lazy bosses?|Are pigeons lazy bosses?]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Baby's First Applescript|Baby's First Applescript]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:09:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[ScienceWeblog:Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior|Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:VNC and grey screen terminal|VNC and grey screen terminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Bayesian data analysis on a Mac|Bayesian data analysis on a Mac]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Papers vs Mendeley|Papers vs Mendeley]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Are pigeons lazy bosses?|Are pigeons lazy bosses?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Baby's First Applescript|Baby's First Applescript]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:08:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[ScienceWeblog:Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:VNC and grey screen terminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Bayesian data analysis on a Mac]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Papers vs Mendeley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Are pigeons lazy bosses?]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ScienceWeblog:Baby's First Applescript]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:08:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Source on Kahneman's &amp;quot;magical&amp;quot; behavior]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[VNC and grey screen terminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bayesian data analysis on a Mac]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Papers vs Mendeley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Are pigeons lazy bosses?]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Baby's First Applescript]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Science_posts_digest</id>
		<title>Science posts digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Science_posts_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-03-12T02:07:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with '{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-02-27T06:16:30Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-02-27T06:15:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2012-02-27T06:14:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=ScienceWeblog/format=title}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Little_risks</id>
		<title>Weblog:Little risks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Little_risks"/>
				<updated>2012-02-24T00:24:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Dating would be different if all dates were first dates.   This doesn't just apply to dating, but really to anything that has a chance, however small, of continuing to give a payoff for a long time.  We tend to be risk-averse, and we should tend to be risk-seeking. I'm not talking about walking-down-dark-alleys-to-see-what-will-happen risks.  I'm mostly thinking about benign ones that we wouldn't even recognize as risky: trying to drive a different route to your friend's house, or a new recipe, or being social at parties.  The worst that will happen is that you are back where you started.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If all dates, no matter how good, were the first and the last---if a positive lasting connection with somebody was not among the possible outcomes of a night out---then the best way to date would be to imagine one thousand blind dates, good and bad, with a thousand people.  If the average enjoyment is less than the average joy of staying at home, you should stay home.  In the psychology and economics of decision making, you are reasoning about expected utility in the context of uncertainty, and you get into risk. Some people expect the average turnout to be positive, but they stay home on the chance that a given date will go bad anyway.  These people are risk averse.  Some do the opposite, and gamble on the slim chance that its worth it.  These people are called risk seeking.  And the people who play it like they see it are called risk neutral.  This is dating in a world where you'll never get a second date. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do things change if it is possible to continue seeing somebody that you like?  You no longer care about the average joy from a thousand dates.  The numbers change when you are playing for keeps.  To simplify the game, say that you get to try out the thousand prospectives, and pick who you liked the best.  In this case we aren't comparing a night alone with the average date, but with the yet-unknown best date in the batch.  You are playing for the max instead of the mean.  In this context, behavior that looked risk-seeking before is the most rational (and also the most likely to make you happiest in the long run). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Scott Page gives this toy example from his book Diversity and Complexity.  Imagine that you get to pull blindfolded from two big bowls: one has black and white marbles worth 8 and 9 dollars respectively, and the other urn has ten different colors of marble worth 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10 dollars.  You can think of these as two dating pools: one has high average quality (the friends of that one classy friend), and the second is a terrifying leery dive that somehow attracts this impossible invisible minority of perfect gems (the nines and tens). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You draw a dozen marbles and get paid at the end based on what is in your hand.  If the amount of money you get is the average of the marbles in your hand, you should always draw from the first bowl, because you'll tend to get $8.50 (instead of just $6.00).  But if I offer to pay you based on the highest value marble in your hand, you should draw from the higher-risk bowl.  For more than seven draws (if you pull more than seven dates from the dive) you are likely to draw a $10.00 marble at least once.  If you live in a world of second dates, you should date a lot and you should take your chances with the dive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same goes with any other gamble that rewards the max instead of the mean.  Try cooking: You will eat better if you forego the same safe recipes and just start cooking wild crazy inventions.  This is because in cooking we can learn and/or write things down.  Junkyards, thriftstores, research and development, learning to walk, team sports, anything that hasn't been solved yet.  You only need one out of a hundred crackpot ideas to pan out.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a strong case for taking more risks in your everyday life.   And yet, decades of research, across hundreds of domains, have shown that people tend to be risk averse---or exactly wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But behavior that looks reckless can be rational, and trying new things can be the way to lasting happiness.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Quotes</id>
		<title>Quotes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Quotes"/>
				<updated>2012-01-10T16:15:42Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita:&lt;br /&gt;
P 50&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The regulars danced and so did their guests, Muscovites and out-of-towners too, the writer Ioann from the Kronstadt, someone called Vitya Kuftik from Rostov, who was apparently a director and had a purple birthmark covering his entire cheek; representatives of the poetry subsection of MASSOLIT, that is, Pavianov, Bogokhulsky, Sladky, Spichkin, and Adelfina Buzdyak; young men of dubious profession wearing jackets with shoulder pads; and a very elderly man with a piece of green onion stuck in his beard, who danced with an anemic girl in a crumpled orange dress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of Whitman (from James 1903?) [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/621/621.txt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Until I knew the man,&amp;quot; continues Dr.&lt;br /&gt;
Bucke, &amp;quot;it had not occurred to me that any one could derive so much&lt;br /&gt;
absolute happiness from these things as he did.  He was very fond of&lt;br /&gt;
flowers, either wild or cultivated; liked all sorts.  I think he&lt;br /&gt;
admired lilacs and sunflowers just as much as roses.  Perhaps, indeed,&lt;br /&gt;
no man who ever lived liked so many things and disliked so few as Walt&lt;br /&gt;
Whitman.  All natural objects seemed to have a charm for him.  All&lt;br /&gt;
sights and sounds seemed to please him.  He appeared to like (and I&lt;br /&gt;
believe he did like) all the men, women, and children he saw (though I&lt;br /&gt;
never knew him to say that he liked any one), but each who knew him&lt;br /&gt;
felt that he liked him or her, and that he liked others also.  I never&lt;br /&gt;
knew him to argue or dispute, and he never spoke about money.  He&lt;br /&gt;
always justified, sometimes playfully, sometimes quite seriously, those&lt;br /&gt;
who spoke harshly of himself or his writings, and I often thought he&lt;br /&gt;
even took pleasure in the opposition of enemies.  When I first knew&lt;br /&gt;
[him], I used to think that he watched himself, and would not allow his&lt;br /&gt;
tongue to give expression to fretfulness, antipathy, complaint, and&lt;br /&gt;
remonstrance.  It did not occur to me as possible that these mental&lt;br /&gt;
states could be absent in him.  After long observation, however, I&lt;br /&gt;
satisfied myself that such absence or unconsciousness was entirely&lt;br /&gt;
real.  He never spoke deprecatingly of any nationality or class of men,&lt;br /&gt;
or time in the world's history, or against any trades or&lt;br /&gt;
occupations--not even against any animals, insects, or inanimate&lt;br /&gt;
things, nor any of the laws of nature, nor any of the results of those&lt;br /&gt;
laws, such as illness, deformity, and death.  He never complained or&lt;br /&gt;
grumbled either at the weather, pain, illness, or anything else.  He&lt;br /&gt;
never swore.  He could not very well, since he never spoke in anger and&lt;br /&gt;
apparently never was angry.  He never exhibited fear, and I do not&lt;br /&gt;
believe he ever felt it.&amp;quot;[38]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
also from James's Varieties of Religious Experience:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the Romish Church such characters find a more congenial soil to grow in than in Protestantism, whose fashions of feeling have been set by minds of a decidedly pessimistic order.&lt;br /&gt;
::Everything before the comma is just context, I liked his language after the comma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Skinner citing Rochefoucauld:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;No man deserves to be praised for his goodness unless he has the strength of character to be wicked.  All other goodness is generally nothing but indolence or impotence of will.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
::I grabbed this from Google Books, but I won't link it because, as my dad found, pages on Google Books tend to disappear when you link to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Darwin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I have deeply regretted that I did not proceed far enough at least to understand something of the great leading principles of mathematics; for men thus endowed seem to have an extra sense.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Gould and Lewontin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;4. The Master's Voice Re-examined&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since Darwin has attained sainthood (if not divinity) among evolutionary biologists, and since all sides invoke God's allegiance, Darwin has often been depicted...&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A bunch by J.B.S. Haldance, either from his book of atheism/logic/evolution essays or from &amp;quot;On being the right size&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;To the biologist the problem of socialism appears largely as a problem of size.  The extreme socialists desire to run every nation as a single business concern.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;I disbelieve in the existence of an infinitely powerful and benevolent  Creator as I disbelieve that Bacon wrote Shakespeare.  I may be wrong, but my belief is strong enough to be a guide to action.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*RE: the law of the excluded middle, ultimately rejected by Russell &amp;quot;Aristotle and a hundred generations of logicians were wrong about they thought was a certainty.  I think that even were the mystics in agreement, they might be wrong too.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;Comparative anatomy is largely the story of the struggle to increase surface inproportion to volume.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;And just as there is a best size for every animal, so the same is true for every human institution.  in the Greek type of democracy all the citizens could listen to a series of orators and vote directly on questions of legislation.  Hence their philosophers held that a small city was the largest possible democratic state.  The English invention of representative government made a democratic nation possible ... US ... some other technology ... Even the referendum has been made possible only by the existence of daily newspapers.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;While American intellectual property deserves protection, that protection must be won and defended in a manner that does not stifle innovation, erode due process under the law, and weaken the protection of political and civil rights on the Internet. &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.google.com/search?ix=hca&amp;amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;q=g+%22While+American+intellectual+property+deserves+protection%2C+that+protection+must+be+won+and+defended+in+a+manner+that+does+not+stifle+innovation%2C+erode+due+process+under+the+law%2C+and+weaken+the+protection+of+political+and+civil+rights+on+the+Internet.%22&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue</id>
		<title>Weblog:GEO Special Issue</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue"/>
				<updated>2011-12-28T21:55:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Undo revision 2979 by Calsutoha (Talk)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I was involved in a project with a collective called Grassroots Economic Organizing.  They are a bunch of pretty radical activists and organizers interested in small-scale economies.  And they are interested in science.  I've been working over the past six months with Michael Johnson to bring you a special issue of their online journal that integrates the work of practitioners with the work of many people from Elinor Ostrom's Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis.  We also got invited David Sloan Wilson to write a book review on Martin Nowak's Supercooperators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here:&lt;br /&gt;
http://geo.coop&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====update====&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.bollier.org/two-new-special-reports-commons-today The issue got written up] on the blog &amp;quot;On the Commons&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:39:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:39:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: moved Sharingtest to Archive digest&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=blog}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sharingtest</id>
		<title>Sharingtest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sharingtest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:39:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: moved Sharingtest to Archive digest&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Archive digest]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sharing</id>
		<title>Sharing</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sharing"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:38:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;web log, with topics including but not limited to thoughts and teapots.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| align='right' style='font-size: 60%; border: 2px solid #C98328; list-style: none !important; list-style-type: none !important; list-style-image: none !important;'&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Enfascination,_weblog| RSS]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Enfascination,_weblog,_syndicated_by_atom| Atom]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://enfascination.blogspot.com Enfascination]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Most popular:&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Weblog:Make natural quills and ink very easily|Make natural quills and ink very easily]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Weblog:Minimally Burning Laser with Easy Power Supply|Minimally Burning Laser with Easy Power Supply]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Weblog:My talk with the TEDx franchise|My TEDx talk]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Weblog:Facebook mind|Facebook mind]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Enfascination 2011|Enfascination lecture series 2011]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Weblog:Enfascination 2010|Enfascination lecture series 2010]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:38:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=blog}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:36:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:34:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/limit=2/format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:30:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/limit=2/format=rss}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:29:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/limit=2/format=blog}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:28:11Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/Format=title}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:27:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/Format=blog}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest</id>
		<title>Archive digest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Archive_digest"/>
				<updated>2011-12-13T20:27:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with '{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/Limit=10}}'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Special:NewestPagesBlog/namespace=Weblog/Limit=10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=ScienceWeblog:Source_on_Kahneman%27s_%22magical%22_behavior</id>
		<title>ScienceWeblog:Source on Kahneman's &quot;magical&quot; behavior</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=ScienceWeblog:Source_on_Kahneman%27s_%22magical%22_behavior"/>
				<updated>2011-12-11T22:15:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'I had trouble finding this on the internet, so here it is. [well, not yet, but in a moment pdf]  Its important because Camerer and others have cited Kahneman's bewilderment at co…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I had trouble finding this on the internet, so here it is.&lt;br /&gt;
[well, not yet, but in a moment pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its important because Camerer and others have cited Kahneman's bewilderment at convergence in the market entry game, or what he calls the N* game.  Besides summarizing the market entry results---in which psychologists are subverted by economics---he describes reluctance to trade and other cases of economists being subverted by psychology.  The paper is short and sweet; full of lots of other good quotes.  For example, he succinctly asserts a claim that Gode and Sunder fleshed out a decade: &amp;quot;Robots programmed to obey simple dominance would establish the optimal market price.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kahneman, D., (1986) Experimental economics: A psychological perspective&lt;br /&gt;
presented in Bounded Rational Behavior in experimental games and markets: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Experimental Econoimcs, Bielefeld, West Germany, Spetember 21-25, 1986. eds. R. Tietz, W. Albers, R. Selten&lt;br /&gt;
published in Lecture notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Eds M. Beckmann and W. Krelle&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Meta_article</id>
		<title>Weblog:Meta article</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Meta_article"/>
				<updated>2011-12-10T23:44:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'I guess this is bragging, maybe just documenting.  A [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta&amp;amp;oldid=255829370 few years ago], I added a self-referential illustration to Wi…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I guess this is bragging, maybe just documenting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta&amp;amp;oldid=255829370 few years ago], I added a self-referential illustration to Wikipedia's article on the concept &amp;quot;meta.&amp;quot;   I checked up on it about two years ago and found it got removed. Who would do that?  I just dug up the edit that did me in.  At least the editor's (understandable) [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta&amp;amp;action=historysubmit&amp;amp;diff=256128849&amp;amp;oldid=255829370 squareness] came with a little acknowledgement.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_collection_of_bad_science_writing</id>
		<title>Weblog:A snippet from my collection of bad science writing</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_collection_of_bad_science_writing"/>
				<updated>2011-10-21T18:16:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: moved Weblog:A snippet from my bad science writing collection to Weblog:A snippet from my collection of bad science writing&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt; Simple distributed strategies that modify the behaviour of selfish individuals in a manner that enhances cooperation or global efficiency have proved difficult to identify.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Impossible sentences that confound their readers attempt to read them in a way that communicates any meaning at all to people with limited memory spans have proved difficult to tolerate.  The excerpt is from Davies, A., Watson, R., Mills, R., &amp;amp; Buckley, C. (2011). “If You Can‘t Be With the One You Love, Love the One You’re With”: How Individual Habituation of Agent Interactions Improves Global Utility. Artificial Life.  Otherwise a fine paper.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_bad_science_writing_collection</id>
		<title>Weblog:A snippet from my bad science writing collection</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_bad_science_writing_collection"/>
				<updated>2011-10-21T18:16:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: moved Weblog:A snippet from my bad science writing collection to Weblog:A snippet from my collection of bad science writing&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Weblog:A snippet from my collection of bad science writing]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_collection_of_bad_science_writing</id>
		<title>Weblog:A snippet from my collection of bad science writing</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:A_snippet_from_my_collection_of_bad_science_writing"/>
				<updated>2011-10-21T18:16:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with ' Simple distributed strategies that modify the behaviour of selfish individuals in a manner that enhances cooperation or global efficiency have proved difficult to identify.  Im…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt; Simple distributed strategies that modify the behaviour of selfish individuals in a manner that enhances cooperation or global efficiency have proved difficult to identify.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Impossible sentences that confound their readers attempt to read them in a way that communicates any meaning at all to people with limited memory spans have proved difficult to tolerate.  The excerpt is from Davies, A., Watson, R., Mills, R., &amp;amp; Buckley, C. (2011). “If You Can‘t Be With the One You Love, Love the One You’re With”: How Individual Habituation of Agent Interactions Improves Global Utility. Artificial Life.  Otherwise a fine paper.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:%22incarnate%22_is_%22writ_large%22_writ_large</id>
		<title>Weblog:&quot;incarnate&quot; is &quot;writ large&quot; writ large</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:%22incarnate%22_is_%22writ_large%22_writ_large"/>
				<updated>2011-10-10T18:12:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'by contrast, epitome just scratches the surface'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;by contrast, epitome just scratches the surface&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Facebook_mind</id>
		<title>Weblog:Facebook mind</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Facebook_mind"/>
				<updated>2011-10-08T16:10:28Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: /* plunge */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Talked to my friend M6 today, he pointed me to this inspiring article, Zadie Smith's (movie) review of The Social Network in the New York Review of Books:&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/nov/25/generation-why/?pagination=false&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Could anything inspire you to take down your Facebook profile?  I forget that I still get inspired about things, and that my mind can change completely in an instant.  I feel like I'll never die.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NOW, while your friends are migrating to Google+, now is the perfect time to pretend that you've migrated too. Disappear for a little bit. Why? pagination=false.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The review's message?  (Actually, wtf?  Since when does a movie review have a message?)  There is one point about people simplifying themselves to fit in Facebook's fields for them.  I actually wasn't too fazed by that one.  These guru types in human-computer interaction decree that shit all the time.  The point that got me was the romance of &amp;quot;its none of your business.&amp;quot;  I've heard it before, but I've only recently started opening up to it.  (AHH!!! Its ironic for me to write that for you to read on my blog. Yes, I know. No, it won't stop.  Its part of the beauty of this whole thing.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===yum===&lt;br /&gt;
I won't just down a whole pastry all at once.  I like to eat the chocolate off the top by itself, and then the crust by itself, and then the inside when that's all that's left.  It sounds like reductionism, but its something more.  Closing your Facebook is something with parts, and you can enjoy all of them.  Don't go straight to &amp;quot;Deactivate account&amp;quot;.  Turn off every option in every box, one by one.  Notice the ones that take multiple clicks?  Those are the ones that affect their bottomline.  Read the clarifications, apologies, disclaimers, experience, enjoy.  It might take about an hour.  I found myself googling the inner workings of who sees what when.  You might go back and double check that this one thing is off, thinking that you just turned it back on somewhere else.  You can view your profile from the perspective of every friend.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I chose to just make everything private instead of deleting my account.  Oh, misspeak.   There is no deleting your account.  You can deactivate it.  You'll be back.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not even deleting my account!  I've never appreciated how many privacy options they have.  Its a lot of options.  Its been over an hour. I love experiences, and I love sharing.  Since that is what Facebook is ''about'', every thought I had while shutting it down was ironic.  Wanting to share the experience of doing it, or lessons from it, or the feeling of wanting to keep any of my carefully curated Interests and Activites.  Every doubt I had before unchecking something was profound.  I rarely feel irony so densely, I can tell because I'm also feeling the panic of needing to mention it here before someone else can call me out.  I've never felt like such a part of my generation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Stage one ironies===&lt;br /&gt;
*Writing this, to the world.&lt;br /&gt;
*Also, when I was writing the status update on Facebook to say that I'm doing it.&lt;br /&gt;
*The update was longer than 420 characters, and I spent a few minutes trying to shorten it.&lt;br /&gt;
*And when I thought of starting a Facebook group: People Who Quit Facebook After Reading That Smith Article. &lt;br /&gt;
*When it took me (even) a second to realize that those people wouldn't be on Facebook anymore&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Stage two ironies===&lt;br /&gt;
*When I decided, without checking, that the group almost certainly exists---either despite the irony or because of it.  You don't have to tell me, I just know.&lt;br /&gt;
*I've reduced what I share and who I share it with, I've changed my emergency contact to someone else's email address, and changed my password to something I don't know, and changed my language to some inscrutable.  All that is somehow easier than simply deleting my account.&lt;br /&gt;
*I've been selective about what I close off: I'm keeping the link to this website public, I'm keeping messages, posts, and friend requests mostly public.  All this is so that I can continue to be exposed and have exposure.  There is some cognitive dissonance in there that I can't see.  Maybe its obvious to you, but I don't see it yet.  It will be fun to tease out over the next few days.&lt;br /&gt;
*I'm making choices that will be reversible.  It makes room for this to be just a crisis.  Maybe it is.  It feels good right now, liberating too, and the process of doing it has been a ball.&lt;br /&gt;
*Continuing to write this, to the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Amazing things I didn't know about FB privacy that say something about the sophistication of Facebook and the number, length, and knuckles of its fingers===&lt;br /&gt;
*The &amp;quot;download your information&amp;quot; option under Account Settings is pretty cool.  &lt;br /&gt;
*I never use FB apps, so I was really impressed that there were sixteen random websites that I had allowed to have access to all kinds of stuff about me.  I never used to care.  I'm only kind of sure that I care now.  The doubt comes because I know I don't care as much as I know I should.  You can kill those apps if you can find the page. &lt;br /&gt;
*Behind the scenes you'll find that they have lots of good information about security, privacy, and the law.  Good for them.  Facebook also showed me which of my friends &amp;quot;Liked&amp;quot; which of those information pages.  That really says a lot, about the site, about the friends, about what they think, like, feel, and expect of others.  And the fact that I'm getting all these mental moments from a security page.  This is all so rich.&lt;br /&gt;
*If you've noticed random pages saying that this or that friend likes some event or brand, they're doing it with you too.  You can turn all that off.  You have to go to three or four different places, under both Account and Privacy settings. &lt;br /&gt;
*You can change your language to &amp;quot;English (Upside Down).&amp;quot;  CHECK, MFers.&lt;br /&gt;
*When you are in Japan, you have the option to [[Weblog:Is_Japan_not_different_enough_for_you|share your blood type]].  (Stage three: You can't tell what books I like but a picture of me sitting on the toilet is still on the internet.)&lt;br /&gt;
*Click on every option, tab, and blue link.  A lot of options, like &amp;quot;Only me,&amp;quot; are hidden in &amp;quot;Custom.&amp;quot; FB is hiding its disapproval ...&lt;br /&gt;
*... with one exception: Facebook got worried when I turned off one of the social advertising features.  I got a popup assuring me that I had been misinformed.  false rumors.  Its like it feels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FacebookFlinch.png|700px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===plunge===&lt;br /&gt;
Deactivating your Facebook is hard.  The metaphor to suicide is hard to miss, and it isn't lost on Facebook.  I've got a screenshot of the deactivation page.  This shit is amazing.  They will do anything legal to to keep me in.  The further I go through the stages of withdrawing (I did not say withdrawal), the more I learn how much its a great idea.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
OK, fine, its a great idea.  Is that really enough?  Maybe this whole thing is a crisis.  After my fervor dies, and I don't move out to the woods, don't get chickens, and miss all the posted parties, I'm bound to return to Facebook.  It is incredibly powerful.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But I've made some changes, and I've tied a great knot.   Only paradox could make it natural to leave and to stay away.  Facebook connects me to my friends.  It makes me more accountable to them.  So, using Facebook, I gave them the power to keep me off Facebook.  I'll try to return, but I gave my new unknown password to the friend most likely to mock me and twist the knife.  Its one of the many things friends are for.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FacebookRegrets.png|700px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===postscript: more specific things I loved about the article===&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;tiny, exquisite movie star trailed by fan-boys through the snow.&amp;quot; ooh!  meter! yes!  I know that reference.  That was my  first moviestar crush.  &lt;br /&gt;
*This line too: &amp;quot;I don’t think exclusivity was ever the point; nor even money. E Pluribus Unum—that’s the point.&amp;quot;  There is an echo when you read the Latin, even when you don't understand it, because you already read the word money just before it.  You only see that phrase when you see money.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks 6!  And thanks especially to all those invisibles who actually quit without giving a thought to blogging it.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Facebook_mind</id>
		<title>Weblog:Facebook mind</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Facebook_mind"/>
				<updated>2011-10-08T16:05:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: /* yum */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Talked to my friend M6 today, he pointed me to this inspiring article, Zadie Smith's (movie) review of The Social Network in the New York Review of Books:&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/nov/25/generation-why/?pagination=false&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Could anything inspire you to take down your Facebook profile?  I forget that I still get inspired about things, and that my mind can change completely in an instant.  I feel like I'll never die.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NOW, while your friends are migrating to Google+, now is the perfect time to pretend that you've migrated too. Disappear for a little bit. Why? pagination=false.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The review's message?  (Actually, wtf?  Since when does a movie review have a message?)  There is one point about people simplifying themselves to fit in Facebook's fields for them.  I actually wasn't too fazed by that one.  These guru types in human-computer interaction decree that shit all the time.  The point that got me was the romance of &amp;quot;its none of your business.&amp;quot;  I've heard it before, but I've only recently started opening up to it.  (AHH!!! Its ironic for me to write that for you to read on my blog. Yes, I know. No, it won't stop.  Its part of the beauty of this whole thing.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===yum===&lt;br /&gt;
I won't just down a whole pastry all at once.  I like to eat the chocolate off the top by itself, and then the crust by itself, and then the inside when that's all that's left.  It sounds like reductionism, but its something more.  Closing your Facebook is something with parts, and you can enjoy all of them.  Don't go straight to &amp;quot;Deactivate account&amp;quot;.  Turn off every option in every box, one by one.  Notice the ones that take multiple clicks?  Those are the ones that affect their bottomline.  Read the clarifications, apologies, disclaimers, experience, enjoy.  It might take about an hour.  I found myself googling the inner workings of who sees what when.  You might go back and double check that this one thing is off, thinking that you just turned it back on somewhere else.  You can view your profile from the perspective of every friend.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I chose to just make everything private instead of deleting my account.  Oh, misspeak.   There is no deleting your account.  You can deactivate it.  You'll be back.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not even deleting my account!  I've never appreciated how many privacy options they have.  Its a lot of options.  Its been over an hour. I love experiences, and I love sharing.  Since that is what Facebook is ''about'', every thought I had while shutting it down was ironic.  Wanting to share the experience of doing it, or lessons from it, or the feeling of wanting to keep any of my carefully curated Interests and Activites.  Every doubt I had before unchecking something was profound.  I rarely feel irony so densely, I can tell because I'm also feeling the panic of needing to mention it here before someone else can call me out.  I've never felt like such a part of my generation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Stage one ironies===&lt;br /&gt;
*Writing this, to the world.&lt;br /&gt;
*Also, when I was writing the status update on Facebook to say that I'm doing it.&lt;br /&gt;
*The update was longer than 420 characters, and I spent a few minutes trying to shorten it.&lt;br /&gt;
*And when I thought of starting a Facebook group: People Who Quit Facebook After Reading That Smith Article. &lt;br /&gt;
*When it took me (even) a second to realize that those people wouldn't be on Facebook anymore&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Stage two ironies===&lt;br /&gt;
*When I decided, without checking, that the group almost certainly exists---either despite the irony or because of it.  You don't have to tell me, I just know.&lt;br /&gt;
*I've reduced what I share and who I share it with, I've changed my emergency contact to someone else's email address, and changed my password to something I don't know, and changed my language to some inscrutable.  All that is somehow easier than simply deleting my account.&lt;br /&gt;
*I've been selective about what I close off: I'm keeping the link to this website public, I'm keeping messages, posts, and friend requests mostly public.  All this is so that I can continue to be exposed and have exposure.  There is some cognitive dissonance in there that I can't see.  Maybe its obvious to you, but I don't see it yet.  It will be fun to tease out over the next few days.&lt;br /&gt;
*I'm making choices that will be reversible.  It makes room for this to be just a crisis.  Maybe it is.  It feels good right now, liberating too, and the process of doing it has been a ball.&lt;br /&gt;
*Continuing to write this, to the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Amazing things I didn't know about FB privacy that say something about the sophistication of Facebook and the number, length, and knuckles of its fingers===&lt;br /&gt;
*The &amp;quot;download your information&amp;quot; option under Account Settings is pretty cool.  &lt;br /&gt;
*I never use FB apps, so I was really impressed that there were sixteen random websites that I had allowed to have access to all kinds of stuff about me.  I never used to care.  I'm only kind of sure that I care now.  The doubt comes because I know I don't care as much as I know I should.  You can kill those apps if you can find the page. &lt;br /&gt;
*Behind the scenes you'll find that they have lots of good information about security, privacy, and the law.  Good for them.  Facebook also showed me which of my friends &amp;quot;Liked&amp;quot; which of those information pages.  That really says a lot, about the site, about the friends, about what they think, like, feel, and expect of others.  And the fact that I'm getting all these mental moments from a security page.  This is all so rich.&lt;br /&gt;
*If you've noticed random pages saying that this or that friend likes some event or brand, they're doing it with you too.  You can turn all that off.  You have to go to three or four different places, under both Account and Privacy settings. &lt;br /&gt;
*You can change your language to &amp;quot;English (Upside Down).&amp;quot;  CHECK, MFers.&lt;br /&gt;
*When you are in Japan, you have the option to [[Weblog:Is_Japan_not_different_enough_for_you|share your blood type]].  (Stage three: You can't tell what books I like but a picture of me sitting on the toilet is still on the internet.)&lt;br /&gt;
*Click on every option, tab, and blue link.  A lot of options, like &amp;quot;Only me,&amp;quot; are hidden in &amp;quot;Custom.&amp;quot; FB is hiding its disapproval ...&lt;br /&gt;
*... with one exception: Facebook got worried when I turned off one of the social advertising features.  I got a popup assuring me that I had been misinformed.  false rumors.  Its like it feels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FacebookFlinch.png|700px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===plunge===&lt;br /&gt;
Deactivating your Facebook is hard.  The metaphor to suicide is hard to miss, and it isn't lost on Facebook.  I've got a screenshot of the deactivation page.  This shit is amazing.  They will do anything legal to to keep me in.  The further I go through the stages of withdrawing (I did not say withdrawal), the more I learn how much its a great idea.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
OK, fine, its a great idea.  Is that really enough?  Maybe this whole thing is a crisis.  After my fervor dies, and I don't move out to the woods, don't get chickens, and miss all the posted parties, I'm bound to return to Facebook.  It is incredibly powerful.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But I've made some changes, and I've tied a great knot.   Only paradox could make it natural to leave and to stay away.  Facebook connects me to my friends.  It makes me more accountable to them.  So I gave them the power to keep me off Facebook, and all using Facebook.  I'll try to return, but I gave my new unknown password to the friend most likely to mock me and twist the knife.  Its one of the many things friends are for.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FacebookRegrets.png|700px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===postscript: more specific things I loved about the article===&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;tiny, exquisite movie star trailed by fan-boys through the snow.&amp;quot; ooh!  meter! yes!  I know that reference.  That was my  first moviestar crush.  &lt;br /&gt;
*This line too: &amp;quot;I don’t think exclusivity was ever the point; nor even money. E Pluribus Unum—that’s the point.&amp;quot;  There is an echo when you read the Latin, even when you don't understand it, because you already read the word money just before it.  You only see that phrase when you see money.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks 6!  And thanks especially to all those invisibles who actually quit without giving a thought to blogging it.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Vipassana_is_a_tool_for_scientists</id>
		<title>Weblog:Vipassana is a tool for scientists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Vipassana_is_a_tool_for_scientists"/>
				<updated>2011-10-08T15:59:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Buddhism is one of many incredibly old religions loaded with more historical cruft than is necessary to be a religion.  Vipassana is a small, minimal, and very old tradition out of Buddhism that has been passed on for thousands of years in monasteries in Burma.  It isn't cruft-free, but close, like how non-alcoholic beer can have half-a-percent of alcohol&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the purposes of this article, a scientist is anyone who has quietly or loudly bought into the sentiment that being good at thinking implies being bad at feeling.  The scientist has not accepted this because its true or attractive, but because something better was never available. One potential Something Better is that the two are nearly indistinguishable, and that sensitivity to subtle sensations is necessary for clear thinking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vipassana can be seen as offering religious or spiritual practice, but its entirely focused on the regular practice of meditation, where meditation is sitting quietly and watching yourself feel.   Meditation is a fantastic thing to be able to know and do.  This is true for scientists.  For all its differences from the things you might be familiar with, the 10-day Vipassana courses available through http://www.dhamma.org are the best way to learn how to meditate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With its Eastern roots and low profile, Vipassana is easy to chunk as a fringe religion making its buck.  It is growing, due in part to the efforts of one practitioner, S. N. Goenka, who appears on tape in meditation retreats around the world.  His low-tech website doesn't have any of the gradients or Javascript that we've confounded with trustworthiness.   His centers are growing quickly in India, and they have strong representation in North America.  I think this success in the States is aided by the fact that we like our Eastern religions monastic.  Any decent scientist will have a completely understandable skepticism of this Goenka and his company.  For starters, what does he charge?  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the ten days are over, on your way out, the teachers announce that you are paid for already and that you can give them money if you would like someone else to experience what you just went through.  Your ten days included room and delicious board.  Even with this entirely voluntary income stream, based on a very soft sell, the centers continue to run and to grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 10 days act as training, a crash course in meditation.  The goal is to get you to a point where you can benefit from sitting regularly on your own as soon as you get back home.  Without an intensive introduction, many people can sit regularly for months before feeling anything, and that makes meditation a difficult habit to pick up.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So you sit, and you pay attention to yourself not wanting to sit anymore, and you do that for about 100 hours, and you learn about yourself.  You suffer, it rarely has fleeting moments of greatness that probably don't make up for the many hours of misery, but we are too limited to balance these ups and downs rationally, and after its all over you've maybe gained a tiny tiny glimpse into why.  Its science at its best.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A regular practice after the retreat, if you end up making time for it in your life (as little as an hour a week) can make you think better and more clearly.  And all of this is even more true if you are in the brain sciences. You will never have a better opportunity to see yourself be a thing that thinks in a body in time, and to see it happening as its happening.  When I went in 2003 I had just taken my first courses in cognitive psychology and psychophysics.  I actually experienced many of the processes I read about, and I came home with ideas for experiments, despite my best efforts to stay focused on meditation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Practicing Vipassana also makes you identify with compassion, equanimity, and it helps you understand suffering.  Its volunteers devote themselves to spreading Vipassana because of these effects of meditation.  But if you are only interested in meditation to help you think better, you can go into it treating compassion et c. as probably-unobjectionable side effects until you've given yourself time to evaluate them for yourself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minimalism is what attracts me to Vipassana over other styles of meditation.  As a way to sit, it avoids tricks like counting and visualization.  And as a social entity, it is also very stripped down.  One claim you hear repeated in the retreat is that &amp;quot;Buddhism is sitting.&amp;quot;  No  holidays, cosmogonies, costumes, or God.  It isn't totally clean of history:  The teachers wear robes instead of pants, they play tapes of Goenka chanting, and you chant too.  They ask you to refrain from eating meat, eating after noon, masturbating, killing things, and to subscribe to other constraints that they see as aiding your practice.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Towards the middle of the ten days you will hear mention of reincarnation on one of Goenka's pre-recordings.  You will even hear an implication that its an ideological prerequisite.  That was as close as it got to relying on superstition.  You might be less likely than me to let it slide.  If so, Paul R. Fleischman, who has been active in the American Vipassana community for decades, writes with his son in the title essay of Karma and Chaos to suggest that Vipassana's reincarnation is just something that is useful to believe to aid your practice.  The Fleischmans invite the scientifically-minded to replace reincarnation---if they'd like---with the connectedness implicit in chaos theory.  But once you've recognized reincarnation as a pragmatic concession, you are free to any of a variety of more palatable beliefs to fill its role.  You will hear Goenka himself make some well-intentioned attempts to explain meditative states in the vocabulary of the scientific worldview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless,  Vipassana is not pitched to scientists who want to think more clearly.  Its aim &amp;quot;is total eradication of mental impurities and the resultant highest happiness of full liberation.&amp;quot; If you sign up, you'll have to remember that you are a guest and that different people are there with different backgrounds and for different reasons.  You'll have to assume good faith and be tolerant of things that are unfamiliar. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the end, I think its impressive how hands-off Vipassana is for something that people treat as spiritual practice.  Let me compare it to other traditions out of Buddhism.  The Western conception of Zen is as something clean and minimal, but I've been to Zen monasteries and I've experimented with their techniques.  Zen, even when it is heavily simplified for Westerners, is almost as full of inscrutable historical accident as Tibetan Buddhism, home of the Dalai Lama, whose religious canon is 3,000 times longer than the Christian Bible.    By comparison, Vipassana is teaching only techniques for sitting and paying attention to sensations in your body.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So I'm calling Vipassana a part of scientific practice, even if at first it looks more like religious practice.  If you want a lasting introduction to meditation for the least time, money, and religious instruction, a Vipassana course is your best bet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to try out a ten-day, you'll want to sign up two months or more in advance, especially if you can only free up ten days during the summer or winter break (and if you're signing up as female).  You should read what the insiders have to say about it, and then you can dig after their retreats and webforms.  Here is the site: http://www.dhamma.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Update===&lt;br /&gt;
Eric, who is at a conference in India before trying his first retreat, let me know that I'm not the only one pitching Vipassana to scientists. Jon Kabat-Zinn has spun it into a program called Mindfulness Based Stress Relief (MBSR).  Its name is awfully inspirational-seminar-with-free-coffee, but its got a research agenda and it has apparently been pitching itself to American culture for over thirty years. These superscripts are their home page and a one hour Youtube talk [http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php][http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSU8ftmmhmw].  The video suggests that a lot of this is coming out of Cambridge, MA and the two big schools there.  It refers to Vipassana as mindfulness meditation, which reminds me that it is also known in the states as insight meditation (as in [http://www.dharma.org/ this place], also in Cambridge, MA).  Eric also pointed me to [http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-mindfulness-meditation-brain-weeks.html this journal article] in Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Vipassana_is_a_tool_for_scientists</id>
		<title>Weblog:Vipassana is a tool for scientists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Vipassana_is_a_tool_for_scientists"/>
				<updated>2011-10-08T15:56:57Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Buddhism is one of many incredibly old religions loaded with more historical cruft than is necessary to be a religion.  Vipassana is a small, minimal, and very old tradition out of Buddhism that has been passed on for thousands of years in monasteries in Burma.  It isn't cruft-free, but close, like how non-alcoholic beer can have half-a-percent of alcohol&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the purposes of this article, a scientist is anyone who has quietly or loudly bought into the sentiment that being good at thinking implies being bad at feeling.  The scientist has not accepted this because its true or attractive, but because something better was never available. One potential Something Better is that the two are nearly indistinguishable, and that sensitivity to subtle sensations is necessary for clear thinking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vipassana can be seen as offering religious or spiritual practice, but its entirely focused on the regular practice of meditation, where meditation is sitting quietly and watching yourself feel.   Meditation is a fantastic thing to be able to know and do.  This is true for scientists.  For all its differences from the things you might be familiar with, the 10-day Vipassana courses available through http://www.dhamma.org are the best way to learn how to meditate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With its Eastern roots and low profile, Vipassana is easy to chunk as a fringe religion making its buck.  It is growing, due in part to the efforts of one practitioner, S. N. Goenka, who appears on tape in meditation retreats around the world.  His low-tech website doesn't have any of the gradients or Javascript that we've confounded with trustworthiness.   His centers are growing quickly in India, and they have strong representation in North America.  I think this success in the States is aided by the fact that we like our Eastern religions monastic.  Any decent scientist will have a completely understandable skepticism of this Goenka and his company.  For starters, what does he charge?  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the ten days are over, on your way out, the teachers announce that you are paid for already and that you can give them money if you would like someone else to experience what you just went through.  Your ten days included room and delicious board.  Even with this entirely voluntary income stream, based on a very soft sell, the centers continue to run and to grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 10 days act as training, a crash course in meditation.  The goal is to get you to a point where you can benefit from sitting regularly on your own as soon as you get back home.  Without an intensive introduction, many people can sit regularly for months before feeling anything, and that makes meditation a difficult habit to pick up.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So you sit, and you pay attention to yourself not wanting to sit anymore, and you do that for about 100 hours, and you learn about yourself.  You suffer, it rarely has fleeting moments of greatness that probably don't make up for the many hours of misery, but we are too limited to balance these ups and downs rationally, and after its all over you've maybe gained a tiny tiny glimpse into why.  Its science at its best.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A regular practice after the retreat, if you end up making time for it in your life (as little as an hour a week) can make you think better and more clearly.  And all of this is even more true if you are in the brain sciences. You will never have a better opportunity to see yourself be a thing that thinks in a body in time, and to see it happening as its happening.  When I went in 2003 I had just taken my first courses in cognitive psychology and psychophysics.  I actually experienced many of the processes I read about, and I came home with ideas for experiments, despite my best efforts to stay focused on meditation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Practicing Vipassana also makes you identify with compassion, equanimity, and it helps you understand suffering.  Its volunteers devote themselves to spreading Vipassana because of these effects of meditation.  But if you are only interested in meditation to help you think better, you can go into it treating compassion et c. as probably-unobjectionable side effects until you've given yourself time to evaluate them for yourself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minimalism is what attracts me to Vipassana over other styles of meditation.  As a way to sit, it avoids tricks like counting and visualization.  And as a social entity, it is also very stripped down.  One claim you hear repeated in the retreat is that &amp;quot;Buddhism is sitting.&amp;quot;  No  holidays, cosmogonies, costumes, or God.  It isn't totally clean of history:  The teachers wear robes instead of pants, they play tapes of Goenka chanting, and you chant too.  They ask you to refrain from eating meat, eating after noon, masturbating, killing things, and to subscribe to other constraints that they see as aiding your practice.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Towards the middle of the ten days you will hear mention of reincarnation on one of Goenka's pre-recordings.  You will even hear an implication that its an ideological prerequisite.  That was as close as it got to relying on superstition.  You might be less likely than me to let it slide.  If so, Paul R. Fleischman, who has been active in the American Vipassana community for decades, writes with his son in the title essay of Karma and Chaos to suggest that Vipassana's resurrection is just something that is useful to believe to aid your practice.  The Fleischmans invite the scientifically-minded to replace resurrection---if they'd like---with the connectedness implicit in chaos theory.  But once you've recognized resurrection as a pragmatic concession, you are free to any of a variety of more palatable beliefs to fill its role.  You will Goenka himself make some well-intentioned attempts to explain meditative states in the vocabulary of the scientific worldview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless,  Vipassana is not pitched to scientists who want to think more clearly.  Its aim &amp;quot;is total eradication of mental impurities and the resultant highest happiness of full liberation.&amp;quot; If you sign up, you'll have to remember that you are a guest and that different people are there with different backgrounds and for different reasons.  You'll have to assume good faith and be tolerant of things that are unfamiliar. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the end, I think its impressive how hands-off Vipassana is for something that people treat as spiritual practice.  Let me compare it to other traditions out of Buddhism.  The Western conception of Zen is as something clean and minimal, but I've been to Zen monasteries and I've experimented with their techniques.  Zen, even when it is heavily simplified for Westerners, is almost as full of inscrutable historical accident as Tibetan Buddhism, home of the Dalai Lama, whose religious canon is 3,000 times longer than the Christian Bible.    By comparison, Vipassana is teaching only techniques for sitting and paying attention to sensations in your body.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So I'm calling Vipassana a part of scientific practice, even if at first it looks more like religious practice.  If you want a lasting introduction to meditation for the least time, money, and religious instruction, a Vipassana course is your best bet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to try out a ten-day, you'll want to sign up two months or more in advance, especially if you can only free up ten days during the summer or winter break (and if you're signing up as female).  You should read what the insiders have to say about it, and then you can dig after their retreats and webforms.  Here is the site: http://www.dhamma.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Update===&lt;br /&gt;
Eric, who is at a conference in India before trying his first retreat, let me know that I'm not the only one pitching Vipassana to scientists. Jon Kabat-Zinn has spun it into a program called Mindfulness Based Stress Relief (MBSR).  Its name is awfully inspirational-seminar-with-free-coffee, but its got a research agenda and it has apparently been pitching itself to American culture for over thirty years. These superscripts are their home page and a one hour Youtube talk [http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php][http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSU8ftmmhmw].  The video suggests that a lot of this is coming out of Cambridge, MA and the two big schools there.  It refers to Vipassana as mindfulness meditation, which reminds me that it is also known in the states as insight meditation (as in [http://www.dharma.org/ this place], also in Cambridge, MA).  Eric also pointed me to [http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-mindfulness-meditation-brain-weeks.html this journal article] in Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science</id>
		<title>Weblog:Bible Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science"/>
				<updated>2011-10-02T22:32:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So there is a whole empirical method for establishing the relative historicity of different New Testament Bible verses.  Its adherents assume that the Bible was written, that its old, that there may have been a Jesus, and lots of disciples, and that a lot has happened between then and now. It doesn't disqualify the supernatural a priori, attending instead to ways that the supernatural disqualifies itself. I found [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus#New_Testament_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus some of the criteria] scholars use to establish the &amp;quot;historicity&amp;quot; of different passages.  These criteria build upon archaeology when they can, but mostly upon established techniques in textual analysis, like those for arguing that two books were or weren't written by the same writer.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of independent attestation'' is for stories mentioned in multiple independent sources, either within the Biblical canon or via archaeology.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of embarrassment'' argues that there is more credibility to material that might have been harder for the early church to have to admit, like Jesus' baptism by John, maybe his mockery by the Romans, and some of his outbursts.  One neat example, reinforced with known temporal sequence, is an inconsistency in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark Gospel of Mark] that popped up somewhere between early and late accounts of Jesus's encounter with a leper.  ethra'em got transcribed to ethraham at some point, and Jesus' rage with the leper was transformed to pity.  If we didn't know that rage had come first, we would still have a principled argument that rage is more credible than pity.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of coherence'' supports claims that are consistent with claims that have already been strongly established by other methods.&lt;br /&gt;
*''semitisms'' are (Greek or Hebrew) excerpts that were obviously translated from Aramaic---like those that exhibit wordplay when translated back to Aramaic---are more likely to have come from the mouth of the Aramaic speaker of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
*''Sitz im Leben'' can be used to support phrases that draw on aspects of the social, political, agricultural, or religious context of the time (and to discredit claims that refer to ingredients that weren't present).  For example, in books probably written within 20 years on either side of 70AD, Jesus prophesied that the Second Temple would be destroyed, that &amp;quot;I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.&amp;quot;  This prophesy loses some credibility if it was set to writing after the destruction of the Second Temple (in 70AD).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These aren't the most solid criteria for establishing The Facts, but with a fundamentally shaky foundation, I won't mock any house that manages to stand.  It shows discipline and an elementary skepticism.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm tempted to add one criterion, an inverse of Sitz im Leben.  It relates to this problem of historical context.  Jesus appeared in a time and place that was waiting for The End, and for a Messiah to take everyone there.  Prospective messiahs of the time---and there was always a new Messiah popping up---all tried to fit themselves into the commonly acknowledged Messiah archetype, including divine birth, miraculous healing, knowledge of scripture, apocalyptic message, and resurrection (appearance to believers after death).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messianic_prophecies_of_Jesus][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_prophecy] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Matthew, and parts of the other biographies, read like a list of easter eggs.  When Jesus isn't explicitly invoking Biblical prophecy (like sending disciples to nab him a donkey and make his ride into Jerusalem prophetic), his biographers may have tweaked words to make his actions into those of the textbook Messiah.  With the remarkable power we have to manifest our desires---above and below the surface of conscious awareness---its hard to separate the truth from the fabrication (and I expect big helpings of both, well- or ill- intentioned).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given these veins of an apocalyptic social context, I'm tempted to give more legitimacy to words and actions that were unanticipated.  I'll have to refine this criterion for myself, because it doesn't lead me to doubt Jesus's donkey ride (more than anything else). Maybe that is because  the donkey ride gets some legitimacy from the criterion of embarrassment, since Jesus had to get it by worldy means (it didn't fall out of the sky).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, none of these criteria allude to the fish story effect, in which the longer (and younger) Gospels flesh out known stories and make them more miraculous.  I'm thinking of how Jesus recruited Simon and Andrew, sometimes (in Matthew and Mark) merely by telling them to stop fishing for fish, but elsewhere (in Luke) by performing some miracles and ''then'' telling them to stop fishing for fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, the New Testament is an interesting read, slow read, pretty transparent in places, but generally enlightening.  I decided to read it before the Old One, partly because I've already tried and failed at the old one so many times in the past.  I've got a long way to go.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science</id>
		<title>Weblog:Bible Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science"/>
				<updated>2011-10-02T22:30:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So there is a whole empirical method for establishing the relative historicity of different New Testament Bible verses.  Its adherents assume that the Bible was written, that its old, that there may have been a Jesus, and lots of disciples, and that a lot has happened between then and now. It doesn't disqualify the supernatural a priori, attending instead to ways that the supernatural disqualifies itself. I found [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus#New_Testament_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus some of the criteria] scholars use to establish the &amp;quot;historicity&amp;quot; of different passages.  These criteria build upon archaeology when they can, but mostly upon established techniques in textual analysis, like those for arguing that two books were or weren't written by the same writer.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of independent attestation'' is for stories mentioned in multiple independent sources, either within the Biblical canon or via archaeology.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of embarrassment'' argues that there is more credibility to material that might have been harder for the early church to have to admit, like Jesus' baptism by John, maybe his mockery by the Romans, and some of his outbursts.  One neat example, reinforced with known temporal sequence, is an inconsistency in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark Gospel of Mark] that popped up somewhere between early and late accounts of Jesus's encounter with a leper.  ethra'em got transcribed to ethraham at some point, and Jesus' rage with the leper was transformed to pity.  If we didn't know that rage had come first, we would still have a principled argument that rage is more credible than pity.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of coherence'' supports claims that are consistent with claims that have already been strongly established by other methods.&lt;br /&gt;
*''semitisms'' are (Greek or Hebrew) excerpts that were obviously translated from Aramaic---like those that exhibit wordplay when translated back to Aramaic---are more likely to have come from the mouth of the Aramaic speaker of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
*''Sitz im Leben'' can be used to support phrases that draw on aspects of the social, political, agricultural, or religious context of the time (and to discredit claims that refer to ingredients that weren't present).  For example, in books probably written within 20 years on either side of 70AD, Jesus prophesied that the Second Temple would be destroyed, that &amp;quot;I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.&amp;quot;  This prophesy loses some credibility if it was set to writing after the destruction of the Second Temple (in 70AD).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These aren't the most solid criteria for establishing The Facts, but with a fundamentally shaky foundation, I won't mock any house that manages to stand.  It shows discipline and an elementary skepticism.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm tempted to add one criterion, an inverse of Sitz im Leben.  It relates to this problem of historical context.  Jesus appeared in a time and place that was waiting for The End, and for a Messiah to take everyone there.  Prospective messiahs of the time---and there was always a new Messiah popping up---all tried to fit themselves into the commonly acknowledged Messiah archetype, including divine birth, miraculous healing, knowledge of scripture, and resurrection (appearance to believers after death).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messianic_prophecies_of_Jesus][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_prophecy] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Matthew, and parts of the other biographies, read like a list of easter eggs.  When Jesus isn't explicitly invoking Biblical prophecy (like sending disciples to nab him a donkey and make his ride into Jerusalem prophetic), his biographers may have tweaked words to make his actions into those of the textbook Messiah.  With the remarkable power we have to manifest our desires---above and below the surface of conscious awareness---its hard to separate the truth from the fabrication (and I expect big helpings of both, well- or ill- intentioned).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given these veins of an apocalyptic social context, I'm tempted to give more legitimacy to words and actions that were unanticipated.  I'll have to refine this criterion for myself, because it doesn't lead me to doubt Jesus's donkey ride (more than anything else). Maybe that is because  the donkey ride gets some legitimacy from the criterion of embarrassment, since Jesus had to get it by worldy means (it didn't fall out of the sky).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, none of these criteria allude to the fish story effect, in which the longer (and younger) Gospels flesh out known stories and make them more miraculous.  I'm thinking of how Jesus recruited Simon and Andrew, sometimes (in Matthew and Mark) merely by telling them to stop fishing for fish, but elsewhere (in Luke) by performing some miracles and ''then'' telling them to stop fishing for fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, the New Testament is an interesting read, slow read, pretty transparent in places, but generally enlightening.  I decided to read it before the Old One, partly because I've already tried and failed at the old one so many times in the past.  I've got a long way to go.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science</id>
		<title>Weblog:Bible Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science"/>
				<updated>2011-10-02T22:28:56Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So there is a whole empirical method for establishing the relative historicity of different New Testament Bible verses.  Its adherents assume that the Bible was written, that its old, that there may have been a Jesus, and lots of disciples, and that a lot has happened between then and now. It doesn't disqualify the supernatural a priori, attending instead to ways that the supernatural disqualifies itself. I found [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus#New_Testament_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus some of the criteria] scholars use to establish the &amp;quot;historicity&amp;quot; of different passages.  These criteria build upon archaeology when they can, but mostly upon established techniques in textual analysis, like those for arguing that two books were or weren't written by the same writer.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of independent attestation'' is for stories mentioned in multiple independent sources, either within the Biblical canon or via archaeology.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;&amp;quot;the criterion of embarrassment'' argues that there is more credibility to material that might have been harder for the early church to have to admit, like Jesus' baptism by John, maybe his mockery by the Romans, and some of his outbursts.  One neat example, reinforced with known temporal sequence, is an inconsistency in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark Gospel of Mark] that popped up somewhere between early and late accounts of Jesus's encounter with a leper.  ethra'em got transcribed to ethraham at some point, and Jesus' rage with the leper was transformed to pity.  If we didn't know that rage had come first, we would still have a principled argument that rage is more credible than pity.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of coherence'' supports claims that are consistent with claims that have already been strongly established by other methods.&lt;br /&gt;
*''semitisms'' are (Greek or Hebrew) excerpts that were obviously translated from Aramaic---like those that exhibit wordplay when translated back to Aramaic---are more likely to have come from the mouth of the Aramaic speaker of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
*''Sitz im Leben'' can be used to support phrases that draw on aspects of the social, political, agricultural, or religious context of the time (and to discredit claims that refer to ingredients that weren't present).  For example, in books probably written within 20 years on either side of 70AD, Jesus prophesied that the Second Temple would be destroyed, that &amp;quot;I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.&amp;quot;  This prophesy loses some credibility if it was set to writing after the destruction of the Second Temple (in 70AD).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These aren't the most solid criteria for establishing The Facts, but with a fundamentally shaky foundation, I won't mock any house that manages to stand.  It shows discipline and an elementary skepticism.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm tempted to add one criterion.  It relates to this problem of historical context.  Jesus appeared in a time and place that was waiting for The End, and for a Messiah to take everyone there.  Prospective messiahs of the time---and there was always a new Messiah popping up---all tried to fit themselves into the commonly acknowledged Messiah archetype, including divine birth, miraculous healing, knowledge of scripture, and resurrection (appearance to believers after death).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messianic_prophecies_of_Jesus][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_prophecy] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Matthew, and parts of the other biographies, read like a list of easter eggs.  When Jesus isn't explicitly invoking Biblical prophecy (like sending disciples to nab him a donkey and make his ride into Jerusalem prophetic), his biographers may have tweaked words to make his actions into those of the textbook Messiah.  With the remarkable power we have to manifest our desires---above and below the surface of conscious awareness---its hard to separate the truth from the fabrication (and I expect big helpings of both, well- or ill- intentioned).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given these veins of an apocalyptic social context, I'm tempted to give more legitimacy to words and actions that were unanticipated.  I'll have to refine this criterion for myself, because it doesn't lead me to doubt Jesus's donkey ride (more than anything else). Maybe that is because  the donkey ride gets some legitimacy from the criterion of embarrassment, since Jesus had to get it by worldy means (it didn't fall out of the sky).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, none of these criteria allude to the fish story effect, in which the longer (and younger) Gospels flesh out known stories and make them more miraculous.  I'm thinking of how Jesus recruited Simon and Andrew, sometimes (in Matthew and Mark) merely by telling them to stop fishing for fish, but elsewhere (in Luke) by performing some miracles and ''then'' telling them to stop fishing for fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, the New Testament is an interesting read, slow read, pretty transparent in places, but generally enlightening.  I decided to read it before the Old One, partly because I've already tried and failed at the old one so many times in the past.  I've got a long way to go.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science</id>
		<title>Weblog:Bible Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Bible_Science"/>
				<updated>2011-10-02T22:28:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'So there is a whole empirical method for establishing the relative historicity of different New Testament Bible verses.  It assumes that the Bible was written, that its old, that…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So there is a whole empirical method for establishing the relative historicity of different New Testament Bible verses.  It assumes that the Bible was written, that its old, that there may have been a Jesus, and lots of disciples, and that a lot has happened between then and now. It doesn't disqualify the supernatural a priori, attending instead to ways that the supernatural disqualifies itself. I found [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus#New_Testament_authenticity_and_the_historical_Jesus some of the criteria] scholars use to establish the &amp;quot;historicity&amp;quot; of different passages.  These criteria build upon archaeology when they can, but mostly upon established techniques in textual analysis, like those for arguing that two books were or weren't written by the same writer.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of independent attestation'' is for stories mentioned in multiple independent sources, either within the Biblical canon or via archaeology.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;&amp;quot;the criterion of embarrassment'' argues that there is more credibility to material that might have been harder for the early church to have to admit, like Jesus' baptism by John, maybe his mockery by the Romans, and some of his outbursts.  One neat example, reinforced with known temporal sequence, is an inconsistency in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark Gospel of Mark] that popped up somewhere between early and late accounts of Jesus's encounter with a leper.  ethra'em got transcribed to ethraham at some point, and Jesus' rage with the leper was transformed to pity.  If we didn't know that rage had come first, we would still have a principled argument that rage is more credible than pity.&lt;br /&gt;
*''the criterion of coherence'' supports claims that are consistent with claims that have already been strongly established by other methods.&lt;br /&gt;
*''semitisms'' are (Greek or Hebrew) excerpts that were obviously translated from Aramaic---like those that exhibit wordplay when translated back to Aramaic---are more likely to have come from the mouth of the Aramaic speaker of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
*''Sitz im Leben'' can be used to support phrases that draw on aspects of the social, political, agricultural, or religious context of the time (and to discredit claims that refer to ingredients that weren't present).  For example, in books probably written within 20 years on either side of 70AD, Jesus prophesied that the Second Temple would be destroyed, that &amp;quot;I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.&amp;quot;  This prophesy loses some credibility if it was set to writing after the destruction of the Second Temple (in 70AD).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These aren't the most solid criteria for establishing The Facts, but with a fundamentally shaky foundation, I won't mock any house that manages to stand.  It shows discipline and an elementary skepticism.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm tempted to add one criterion.  It relates to this problem of historical context.  Jesus appeared in a time and place that was waiting for The End, and for a Messiah to take everyone there.  Prospective messiahs of the time---and there was always a new Messiah popping up---all tried to fit themselves into the commonly acknowledged Messiah archetype, including divine birth, miraculous healing, knowledge of scripture, and resurrection (appearance to believers after death).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messianic_prophecies_of_Jesus][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_prophecy] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Matthew, and parts of the other biographies, read like a list of easter eggs.  When Jesus isn't explicitly invoking Biblical prophecy (like sending disciples to nab him a donkey and make his ride into Jerusalem prophetic), his biographers may have tweaked words to make his actions into those of the textbook Messiah.  With the remarkable power we have to manifest our desires---above and below the surface of conscious awareness---its hard to separate the truth from the fabrication (and I expect big helpings of both, well- or ill- intentioned).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given these veins of an apocalyptic social context, I'm tempted to give more legitimacy to words and actions that were unanticipated.  I'll have to refine this criterion for myself, because it doesn't lead me to doubt Jesus's donkey ride (more than anything else). Maybe that is because  the donkey ride gets some legitimacy from the criterion of embarrassment, since Jesus had to get it by worldy means (it didn't fall out of the sky).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, none of these criteria allude to the fish story effect, in which the longer (and younger) Gospels flesh out known stories and make them more miraculous.  I'm thinking of how Jesus recruited Simon and Andrew, sometimes (in Matthew and Mark) merely by telling them to stop fishing for fish, but elsewhere (in Luke) by performing some miracles and ''then'' telling them to stop fishing for fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, the New Testament is an interesting read, slow read, pretty transparent in places, but generally enlightening.  I decided to read it before the Old One, partly because I've already tried and failed at the old one so many times in the past.  I've got a long way to go.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue</id>
		<title>Weblog:GEO Special Issue</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue"/>
				<updated>2011-09-29T15:43:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I was involved in a project with a collective called Grassroots Economic Organizing.  They are a bunch of pretty radical activists and organizers interested in small-scale economies.  And they are interested in science.  I've been working over the past six months with Michael Johnson to bring you a special issue of their online journal that integrates the work of practitioners with the work of many people from Elinor Ostrom's Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis.  We also got invited David Sloan Wilson to write a book review on Martin Nowak's Supercooperators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here:&lt;br /&gt;
http://geo.coop&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====update====&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.bollier.org/two-new-special-reports-commons-today The issue got blogged] on Bollier's On the Commons.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Blog_scraps</id>
		<title>Blog scraps</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Blog_scraps"/>
				<updated>2011-09-28T17:31:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;blgo antioppression crit:&lt;br /&gt;
buys into oppression dichotomy&lt;br /&gt;
language is only useful as adit o introspection, pratice is much more judgemental even though most practitioners will say its not&lt;br /&gt;
membership is subjective, and say to distrust by default, early movement is freedom to to identfy with something, late movement is the freedom not to.&lt;br /&gt;
need to identify with oppressor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
science humility astronomy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the days of the frost seek a minor sun&amp;quot; p. 178&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;He has experienced the human world from an unlikely perspective.  he and I share a viewpoint in common: out  our worlds have interpenetrated, and we both have faith in the miraculous&amp;quot; p. 169&lt;br /&gt;
from Loren Eisley's The Judgment of the Birds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From unsympathetic eyes, no science is more arrogant than astronomy.  To think that we can know the universe, and to replace the dreams and the meaning in the skies with a cold place that will keep becoming colder until it dies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But I think that there is no more humble science than astronomy.  No science has had so much romance imposed on it by the things that we want to be true, no other science has found a starker reality, and no other science has submitted so thoroughly to the facts.  They've been pummeled so thoroughly by what they've seen that they will believe absolutely anything.     The current story goes, we will die a cold death, the universe is something that is growing and growing at an accelerating rate, there is invisible matter woven into the universe that pulls at the stars to make our equations balance out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its all because we get light from things beside the sun.  Photons are particles of light and from every minuscule point of the sky that we attend to, we see them sorting themselves out into this part and that part.  Out of all the photons on this map, atleast a few of them are coming home.  Photons turn as they pass heavy things.  Its a big enough universe that some photon from earth has embarked upon the dark journey through spec only to get turned, slowly, over billions of empty years, itself one of many millions of billions of undisturbed photons, all the way around to return to earth.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Somewhere in the sky we can see ourselves.  At first we won't be able to do anything more than say &amp;quot;yep, there it is.&amp;quot;  But imagine finding infinite circuits through space, each providing a fragile broken stream of light from the earth as it was or wasn't 1, 2, 5, 8 billion years ago.  All of these pictures of earth are coming at us simultaneously, right now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I want to see the earthquake that split the temple curtain with one wild man's last cry.  I want to watch dinosaurs roam the earth.  I want to look into an ancestor's eyes as they look up to God.  Not to be God, or to have answers, to be full of no answers, and probably bad news, but love and excitement for the miracles that can only happen when we resign ourselves tot he face that the world is bigger than us, and it can show us mhow much we are imposing on it by making us struggle with how that conflicts with what we are seeing.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:IE_Search</id>
		<title>Weblog:IE Search</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:IE_Search"/>
				<updated>2011-09-28T13:29:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'Microsoft places the &amp;quot;Betty Crocker Search Provider,&amp;quot; and about ten others, above Google in its list of alternatives to Bing'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Microsoft places the &amp;quot;Betty Crocker Search Provider,&amp;quot; and about ten others, above Google in its list of alternatives to Bing&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Blog_scraps</id>
		<title>Blog scraps</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Blog_scraps"/>
				<updated>2011-09-26T23:01:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'blgo antioppression crit: buys into oppression dichotomy language is only useful as adit o introspection, pratice is much more judgemental even though most practitioners will say…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;blgo antioppression crit:&lt;br /&gt;
buys into oppression dichotomy&lt;br /&gt;
language is only useful as adit o introspection, pratice is much more judgemental even though most practitioners will say its not&lt;br /&gt;
membership is subjective, and say to distrust by default, early movement is freedom to to identfy with something, late movement is the freedom not to.&lt;br /&gt;
need to identify with oppressor&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue</id>
		<title>Weblog:GEO Special Issue</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:GEO_Special_Issue"/>
				<updated>2011-09-23T18:36:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: Created page with 'I was involved in a project with a collective called Grassroots Economic Organizing.  They are a bunch of pretty radical activists and organizers interested in small-scale econom…'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I was involved in a project with a collective called Grassroots Economic Organizing.  They are a bunch of pretty radical activists and organizers interested in small-scale economies.  And they are interested in science.  I've been working over the past six months with Michael Johnson to bring you a special issue of their online journal that integrates the work of practitioners with the work of many people from Elinor Ostrom's Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis.  We also got invited David Sloan Wilson to write a book review on Martin Nowak's Supercooperators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here:&lt;br /&gt;
http://geo.coop&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Libertarians</id>
		<title>Weblog:Libertarians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://enfascination.com/wiki/index.php?title=Weblog:Libertarians"/>
				<updated>2011-09-20T17:32:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A libertarian is someone, usually a Westerner or some other kind of American, who uses freedom as the criterion for evaluating social policy and/or believes that free markets should be used for distributing all resources.    If we are having a conversation and you drop your libertarian leanings, I'm going to quietly start trying to fit you (get you to fit yourself) into one of three boxes.  They work great---better than I've expected---and I haven't yet found a need for the fourth box called &amp;quot;This guy is a smart, sharp, actual libertarian.&amp;quot;  When you come out with the word, I'm going to spend the next few minutes trying to figure out whether you&lt;br /&gt;
#are crazy and disgruntled,&lt;br /&gt;
#haven't thought hard enough yet, or&lt;br /&gt;
#aren't really libertarian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've lowered my standards enough that I'll pass most libertarians if they  make it into the third box instead of the first two.  All the really smart, sharp libertarians have made way too many compromises, and practice a unique, reasonable, ideosyncratic belief system that they continue to mislabel, usually for sentimental reasons or because they are antiwar.  I'd love to know that the fourth exists beyond the brave embattled image that the first three sometimes hold for themselves.  I'll let you know what I find.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm still learning, of course---I discerned a new subdivision only last night.  Among the people who aren't really libertarian you've got&lt;br /&gt;
#The ones who have thought long and hard about making decisions with people in a complex world.  They have therefore compromised their single-minded passion for markets or freedom, and disqualified themselves from libertarianism.  They hold onto the name though.&lt;br /&gt;
#The ones who only want push the pendulum toward the middle.  They call it pushing the pendulum through to some opposite extreme, but you can't get them to attack, defend, or nuance the social safety net, taxes beyond the military, or even some redistribution. This type often reduces to type 2 above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if you've disqualified yourself from libertarianism and you keep using the term, you're doing something wrong.  I'm not sure if its a sentimental attachment to the term, the joy of identifying with something simple, maybe the joy of trying to make a complex world fit into it.  But what it reduces to is saying things you don't mean.  If you think that government should be thinner, or if you don't like the way that social norms are enforced in large-scale social systems, or you value freedom better than other valenced abstractions, just say one of those things.  By naming these little things by the grand term libertarian, you imply that they imply each other, and you take on a whole other bunch of commitments that you can't defend.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seth</name></author>	</entry>

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